The Biota of the Gordon Natural Area - Plants
Vascular Plants at the GNA
Plant life at the GNA has long held an attraction for both faculty (beginning with Dr. Gordon) and students. Dr. William Overlease conducted extensive research in the GNA, with much of his work focused on the vegetative succession of a former corn field in what is now the western part of the preserve. There have been three site-wide floristic surveys of the GNA: during 1984 (by biology students Jack Holt and Jim Plyler); during 2007 by botanical consultants Jack Holt (the former student) and Janet Ebert; and during 2017-19 in a ‘follow-up’ survey by Jack Holt and Janet Ebert. In 2002, former GNA Stewardship Manager Gerry Hertel began establishing what would become 22 ‘Floristic Health Management’ (FHM) plots. While these were primarily monitored only for woody plants, in 2004 the 18 plots that had been established by that time were also surveyed for herbaceous species. And throughout the history of the GNA there have been many student projects that focused on portions of the GNA flora. Because of this intensity of effort, vascular plants constitute the best-known biotic group at the GNA.
Despite the Gordon’s relatively small size (~ 126 acres) and its proximity to extensive development, the preserve supports an extremely high diversity of native plants (in addition to a large component of introduced plant species). The compiled plant list for the site currently contains 663 species in 364 genera, 110 families, and 56 orders. Five species are on the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program's list of species of conservation concern, and many additional species are locally significant.
It should be noted that these 663 species represent all vascular plant species that have been noted at the Gordon Natural Area since the inception of data collecting. Some species have only been observed a single time, and in some cases, the last observation occurred many years ago. For example, New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus), which was formerly a state-listed species, was last noted in the GNA in 1978.
Perhaps a better measure of the GNA’s vascular plant richness can be obtained by looking only at those species that have been noted since the beginning of 2004 (i.e., at the initiation of comprehensive monitoring in the FHM plots). During that period (i.e., 2004-present), 606 species of vascular plants were noted in the GNA.
You can explore the vascular plant checklist below, or you can access a pdf copy of the checklist.
Asplenium platyneuron (Ebony Spleenwort)
Group: Plants
Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Aspleniaceae
Notes
Common Name: Ebony Spleenwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Eastern Hayscented Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dennstaedtiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Hayscented Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2023
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Eastern Hayscented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)
Eastern Hayscented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)
Eastern Hayscented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)
Athyrium filix. femina (Common Ladyfern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Ladyfern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
121637982 (Observed: 6/13/2022)
Images
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Common Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Deparia acrostichoides (Silvery Glade Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Silvery Glade Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Athyrium thelypterioides (Michx.) Desv.; Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) ButtersYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2019; 2022-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
121755913 (Observed: 6/13/2022)
121593724 (Observed: 5/25/2016)
Images
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Silvery Glade Fern (Deparia acrostichoides)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Spinulose Woodfern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spinulose Woodfern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2019; 2021
iNaturalist Observations:
45354922 (Observed: 5/7/2020)
68613836 (Observed: 1/25/2021)
Images
Spinulose Woodfern (Dryopteris carthusiana)
Spinulose Woodfern (Dryopteris carthusiana)
Dryopteris cristata (Crested Woodfern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Crested Woodfern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dryopteris intermedia (Intermediate Woodfern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Intermediate Woodfern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017
Matteuccia struthiopteris (Ostrich Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Ostrich Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
42464077 (Observed: 4/15/2020)
Images
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris): close-up of fiddlehead
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris): with fertile frond
Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sensitive Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
155652072 (Observed: 4/19/2023)
111945358 (Observed: 4/18/2022)
Images
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Christmas Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2024
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748156 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
191109147 (Observed: 11/15/2023)
168515879 (Observed: 6/20/2023)
64133867 (Observed: 11/3/2020)
Images
Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Equisetaceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Horsetail
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2021; 2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
154291714 (Observed: 4/10/2023)
46767664 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
Images
Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
Huperzia lucidula (Shining Clubmoss)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Lycopodiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Shining Clubmoss
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2004
Lycopodium digitatum (Fan Clubmoss)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Lycopodiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fan Clubmoss
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill. ex A. Braun) Holub; Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fernald) BlanchYear Noted: 1983-1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Botrychium dissectum (Cutleaf Grapefern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Ophioglossaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cutleaf Grapefern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) LyonYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018
Botrychium virginianum (Rattlesnake Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Ophioglossaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rattlesnake Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Botrypus virginianus (L.) HolubYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
140054882 (Observed: 5/14/2018)
79316500 (Observed: 5/13/2021)
74364916 (Observed: 4/17/2021)
Images
Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum)
Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum)
Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum)
Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Osmundaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cinnamon Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Deer Resistant: Yes
Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Osmundaceae
Notes
Common Name: Interrupted Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016; 2022-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
119666013 (Observed: 5/31/2022)
Images
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
Osmunda regalis (Royal Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Osmundaceae
Notes
Common Name: Royal Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
Adiantum pedatum (Northern Maidenhair Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Pteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Northern Maidenhair Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
104421434 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
46427851 (Observed: 5/18/2020)
Images
Northern Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum)
Northern Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum)
Northern Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum)
Northern Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum pedatum)
Selaginella apoda (Meadow Spikemoss)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Selaginellaceae
Notes
Common Name: Meadow Spikemoss
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2018; 2020-2021
Notes: Known from just one location near the western edge of the GNA. Growing on very steep banks above Plum Run. Approximately one week after this population was discovered, all individuals were 'scoured' by high water after a storm.
iNaturalist Observations:
87292568 (Observed: 1/17/2020)
37686905 (Observed: 1/17/2020)
65955636 (Observed: 11/24/2020)
Images
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Meadow Spikemoss (Selaginella apoda)
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Broad Beechfern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Thelypteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broad Beechfern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
104421429 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
41784940 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
73879802 (Observed: 4/13/2021)
Images
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Broad Beechfern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)
Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Thelypteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: New York Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Parathelypteris novaeboracensis (L.) ChingYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2020; 2022-2023
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: Fairly commonly encountered at the Gordon. As is often the case for ferns in overgrazed habitats, at the Gordon this species can often dominate large areas of the forest floor.
iNaturalist Observations:
121756488 (Observed: 6/13/2022)
Images
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): dominating a good-sized area of the forest floor
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): habit
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): close-up of underside of pinna
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): close-up of sori
New York Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)
Thelypteris palustris (Eastern Marsh Fern)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Ferns & Fern Allies
Family: Thelypteridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Marsh Fern
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2022-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
136193771 (Observed: 9/23/2022)
Images
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): dominating a good-sized area of the forest floor
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): habit
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): close-up of underside of pinna
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris): close-up of the sori
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Acer negundo (Boxelder)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Boxelder
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
41947683 (Observed: 4/11/2020)
76542810 (Observed: 4/29/2021)
41789392 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
Images
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Maple
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021-2022
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
75701118 (Observed: 4/29/2021)
Images
Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)
Acer platanoides (Norway Maple)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Norway Maple
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Birds; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
41789299 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
58272328 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): trunk
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): seedling
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): base of stem with milky sap
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides): underside of leaf
Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore Maple)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Sycamore Maple
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2015-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
46430297 (Observed: 5/18/2020)
Images
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus): trunk
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus): close-up of fruits
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Acer rubrum (Red Maple)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Red Maple
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
183748176 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
40103296 (Observed: 3/16/2020)
50917620 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
73156685 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
72393513 (Observed: 3/29/2021)
Images
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): trunk
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): close-up of leaf attachment
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): upper surface of a leaf
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): lower surface of a leaf
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): trunk
Red Maple (Acer rubrum): close-up of the underside of a leaf
Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Silver Maple
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aceraceae
Notes
Common Name: Sugar Maple
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1970; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2016; 2018-2020
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Anacardiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smooth Sumac
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Anacardiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Staghorn Sumac
Growth Habit: Shrub, Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
84896745 (Observed: 6/28/2021)
Toxicodendron radicans (Eastern Poison Ivy)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Anacardiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Poison Ivy
Growth Habit: Shrub, Subshrub, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012-2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
88177181 (Observed: 7/22/2021)
80222330 (Observed: 5/24/2021)
Images
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
Aegopodium podagraria (Bishops Goutweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bishop's Goutweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
82199064 (Observed: 6/8/2021)
54857999 (Observed: 7/30/2020)
Images
Bishop's Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria)
Bishop's Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria): close-up of leaves
Bishop's Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria): close-up of leaves
Cicuta maculata (Spotted Water Hemlock)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spotted Water Hemlock
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Poison Hemlock
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
77878359 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
52512246 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Images
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Cryptotaenia canadensis (Canadian Honewort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Honewort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2011; 2016-2018
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Canadian Honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis)
Canadian Honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis)
Daucus carota (Queen Annes Lace)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Queen Anne's Lace
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1968; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
173761436 (Observed: 7/19/2023)
42808563 (Observed: 7/15/2019)
55827429 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Images
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota)
Hydrocotyle americana (American Marshpennywort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Marshpennywort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Osmorhiza claytonii (Claytons Sweetroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Clayton's Sweetroot; Hairy Sweet Cicely
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2016-2020
iNaturalist Observations:
41044980 (Observed: 3/29/2020)
Images
Clayton's Sweetroot (Osmorhiza claytonii)
Clayton's Sweetroot (Osmorhiza claytonii)
Clayton's Sweetroot (Osmorhiza claytonii)
Osmorhiza longistylis (Longstyle Sweetroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Longstyle Sweetroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018
Images
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Longstyle Sweetroot (Osmorhiza longistylis)
Pimpinella saxifraga (Solidstem Burnet Saxifrage)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Solidstem Burnet Saxifrage
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1994
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Sanicula canadensis (Canadian Blacksnakeroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Blacksnakeroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
139520732 (Observed: 10/20/2022)
Images
Canadian Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula canadensis)
Sanicula odorata (Clustered Blacksnakeroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Clustered Blacksnakeroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2019; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
13080966 (Observed: 6/3/2018)
159235358 (Observed: 5/2/2023)
79200870 (Observed: 5/17/2021)
Images
Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
Clustered Blacksnakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
Sanicula trifoliata (Largefruit Blacksnakeroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Largefruit Blacksnakeroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Zizia aurea (Meadow Zizia)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Meadow Zizia
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Pollinator.org
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Apocynum cannabinum (Hemp Dogbane)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apocynaceae
Notes
Common Names: Hemp Dogbane; Indianhemp
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2014; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
183393491 (Observed: 9/15/2023)
51630437 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum)
Vinca minor (Common Periwinkle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Apocynaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Periwinkle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018-2019; 2023
Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
174092670 (Observed: 7/20/2023)
Ilex crenata (Japanese Holly)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Holly
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2020; 2022-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
107202638 (Observed: 2/21/2022)
Images
Japanese Holly (Ilex crenata)
Japanese Holly (Ilex crenata)
Ilex opaca (American Holly)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Holly
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Animals
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
American Holly (Ilex opaca)
American Holly (Ilex opaca)
Ilex verticillata (Common Winterberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Winterberry
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2021
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
51615403 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
Images
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Aralia elata (Japanese Angelica Tree)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Araliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Angelica Tree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2016
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata)
Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata)
Japanese Angelica Tree (Aralia elata)
Aralia nudicaulis (Wild Sarsaparilla)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Araliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wild Sarsaparilla
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Aralia racemosa (American Spikenard)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Araliaceae
Notes
Common Names: American Spikenard; Black Cohosh
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Hedera helix (English Ivy)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Araliaceae
Notes
Common Name: English Ivy
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2008; 2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
English Ivy (Hedera helix)
English Ivy (Hedera helix)
English Ivy (Hedera helix)
Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Araliaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Ginseng
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
Images
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
Panax trifolius (Dwarf Ginseng)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Araliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Dwarf Ginseng
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2015-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
113170706 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
73797782 (Observed: 4/11/2021)
77875767 (Observed: 5/7/2021)
42278892 (Observed: 4/15/2020)
73156188 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
Images
Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)
Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)
Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius)
Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia Snakeroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Snakeroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Ants
Images
Virginia Snakeroot (Aristolochia serpentaria)
Asarum canadense (Canadian Wildginger)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Wildginger
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2014; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
46023956 (Observed: 5/12/2020)
41188618 (Observed: 4/23/2019)
Images
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Canadian Wildginger (Asarum canadense)
Asclepias exaltata (Poke Milkweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Notes
Common Name: Poke Milkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Notes
Common Name: Swamp Milkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2019-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Larval Host (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Virginia DCR; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
171560021 (Observed: 7/7/2023)
52516111 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
42799714 (Observed: 8/2/2019)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation [DCR]. 2022. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/save-the-monarch; Date Accessed: 8/19/2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Milkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1968; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Larval Host (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
85002705 (Observed: 6/25/2021)
46770757 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
50914912 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Notes
Common Name: Butterfly Milkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Larval Host (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Virginia DCR; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation [DCR]. 2022. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/save-the-monarch; Date Accessed: 8/19/2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Yarrow
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
52517815 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): close-up of one head of flowers
Ageratina altissima (White Snakeroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: White Snakeroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2017-2023
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
59736954 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Images
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Annual Ragweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Annual Ragweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967-1970; 1972; 1984; 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
58987907 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): close-up of stem
Ambrosia trifida (Great Ragweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Great Ragweed
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 1989; 2007; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
98229846 (Observed: 10/11/2021)
58988285 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): inflorescence
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): inflorescence
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): upper surface of leaf
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): close-up of stem and leaf bases
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): close-up of flowers
Great Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): close-up of flowers
Antennaria howellii (Howells Pussytoes)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Howell's Pussytoes
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Antennaria neodioica Greene ssp. neodicoica (Greene) Bayer & StebbinsYear Noted: 2007
Antennaria neglecta (Field Pussytoes)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Pussytoes
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Allelopathic: Yes
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Antennaria parlinii (Parlins Pussytoes)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Parlin's Pussytoes
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Wind
Antennaria plantaginifolia (Womans Tobacco)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Woman's Tobacco
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Anthemis cotula (Stinking Chamomile)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Stinking Chamomile
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)
Arctium lappa (Greater Burdock)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Greater Burdock
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2017; 2019-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
60651576 (Observed: 9/24/2020)
42062388 (Observed: 4/12/2020)
Images
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): close-up of fruit
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa)
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): basal leaves
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): infructescence
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): infructescence
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): : close-up of stem
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): upper surface of leaf
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): underside of leaf
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): close-up of underside of leaf
Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa): close-up of fruit
Arctium minus (Lesser Burdock)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Lesser Burdock
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
139554649 (Observed: 10/21/2022)
Artemisia annua (Sweet Sagewort)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweet Sagewort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory
Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana (White Sagebrush)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: White Sagebrush
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2022
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
136581391 (Observed: 9/26/2022)
Images
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
White Sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana)
Artemisia vulgaris (Common Wormwood)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Common Wormwood; Common Mugwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
58281795 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
59771438 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Images
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris): inflorescence
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris): inflorescence
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Common Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris)
Bidens bipinnata (Spanish Needles)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Spanish Needles
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)
Bidens cernua (Nodding Beggartick)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Nodding Beggartick
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Bidens connata (Purplestem Beggarticks)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Purplestem Beggarticks
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Bidens frondosa (Devils Beggartick)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Devil's Beggartick
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
136152347 (Observed: 9/22/2022)
58271810 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
60466744 (Observed: 9/22/2020)
Images
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of fruit
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of inflorescence
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of inflorescence
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): close-up of inflorescence
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa): stem
Devil's Beggartick (Bidens frondosa)
Carduus nutans (Nodding Plumeless Thistle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Nodding Plumeless Thistle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Centaurea cyanus (Garden Cornflower)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Garden Cornflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: Growing along the PECO right-of-way. Possibly planted as a dye plant, or brought in on someone's footwear.
iNaturalist Observations:
52521317 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Images
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Garden Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
Cichorium intybus (Chicory)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Chicory
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
86906204 (Observed: 7/13/2021)
50585156 (Observed: 6/22/2020)
Images
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
Chicory (Cichorium intybus): close-up of leaf
Chicory (Cichorium intybus): close-up of flower
Cirsium arvense (Creeping Thistle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Creeping Thistle; Canada Thistle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1967-2000; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
123875283 (Observed: 6/27/2022)
90772796 (Observed: 8/10/2021)
52503689 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
53103171 (Observed: 7/14/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Cirsium discolor (Field Thistle)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Thistle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1968; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020; 2022
Allelopathic: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
133124814 (Observed: 8/31/2022)
131999402 (Observed: 8/22/2022)
58658965 (Observed: 9/4/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor)
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): upper surface of leaf
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): lower surface of leaf
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of inflorescence
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of inflorescence
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): close-up of flowers
Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor): developing inflorescence
Cirsium pumilum (Pasture Thistle)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Pasture Thistle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Bull Thistle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2007; 2012; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Conoclinium coelestinum (Blue Mistflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Blue Mistflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2020
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List
Notes: Until this species was noted growing in the PECO powerline right-of-way in 2020, it hadn't been noted at the Gordon since the 1984 Site-wide Survey by WCU undergrads Jack Holt and Jim Plyler. However, the single individual that was noted in 2020 most likely represents an escaped cultivar.
iNaturalist Observations:
60016111 (Observed: 9/18/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum)
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): inflorescence
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): inflorescence
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): close-up of stem
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): upper surface of leaf
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): lower surface of leaf
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Blue Mistflower (Conoclinium coelestinum): close-up of inflorescence
Conyza canadensis (Canadian Horseweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Horseweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Erigeron canadensis L.Years Noted: 1967-1973; 1984; 1987; 1992; 1997; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Coreopsis tinctoria (Dyers Coreopsis)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Dyer's Coreopsis; Golden Tickseed; Plain's Coreopsis
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020-2021
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: Growing along the PECO right-of-way. Possibly planted as a dye plant, or brought in on someone's footwear.
iNaturalist Observations:
86314728 (Observed: 7/9/2021)
52519782 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Images
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Golden Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria)
Eclipta prostrata (False Daisy)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: False Daisy
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
58260032 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata)
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata): close-up of inflorescence with fruits
False Daisy (Eclipta prostrata): close-up of fruit
Erechtites hieraciifolius (American Burnweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: American Burnweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
171558400 (Observed: 7/7/2023)
57733640 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius)
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): leaf and stem
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): close-up of inflorescence
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): close-up of inflorescence
American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius): close-up of inflorescence
Erigeron annuus (Eastern Daisy Fleabane)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Daisy Fleabane
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Wind
Bee Beneficial: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
137018916 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
51622395 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
Images
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): inflorescence
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): upper surface of leaf
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): underside of leaf
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): inflorescence
Eastern Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus): inflorescence
Erigeron canadensis (Canadian Horseweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Horseweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2023
Dispersed By: Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
179030895 (Observed: 8/18/2023)
Erigeron philadelphicus (Philadelphia Fleabane)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Philadelphia Fleabane
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2021; 2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
Notes: Read a guide to differentiating between Philadelphia Fleabane and Robin's Plantain at bplant.org.
iNaturalist Observations:
79193660 (Observed: 5/17/2021)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Erigeron pulchellus (Robins Plantain)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Robin's Plantain
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: Read a guide to differentiating between Philadelphia Fleabane and Robin's Plantain at bplant.org.
Erigeron strigosus (Prairie Fleabane)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Prairie Fleabane
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
58280390 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
61265331 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Images
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): inflorescence
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): inflorescence
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): inflorescence
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): underside of leaf
Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus): close-up of stem with adpressed pubescence
Eupatorium perfoliatum (Common Boneset)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Boneset
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017; 2020-2022
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
55822687 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Eupatorium serotinum (Lateflowering Thoroughwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Lateflowering Thoroughwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2017; 2020; 2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
188177819 (Observed: 10/18/2023)
57688417 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Lateflowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum)
Eurybia divaricata (White Wood Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: White Wood Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Aster divaricatus L.Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748162 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
110758825 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
7848129 (Observed: 9/9/2017)
61592637 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
139873185 (Observed: 10/21/2022)
94206126 (Observed: 8/31/2021)
58988926 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata)
White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata)
Euthamia graminifolia (Flat-top Goldentop)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Flat-top Goldentop
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
136927425 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
59003601 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
61768363 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia)
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia)
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): upper surface of leaf
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of stem
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): underside of leaf
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of underside of leaf
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): inflorescence
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): inflorescence
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Flat-top Goldentop (Euthamia graminifolia): close-up of inflorescence
Eutrochium fistulosum (Hollow Joe-Pye Weed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Hollow Joe-Pye Weed; Trumpetweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) R.M. King & H. Rob.; Eupatorium fistulosum BarrattYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2021-2022
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
92391454 (Observed: 8/24/2021)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum)
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum): inflorescence
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum): close-up of its flowers
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium fistulosum): close-up of a single flower
Eutrochium purpureum (Joe Pye Weed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Joe Pye Weed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
133908435 (Observed: 8/16/2022)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): leaf upper surface
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): leaf lower surface
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): close-up of the leaf lower surface
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): inflorescence
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): close-up of disc flowers
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum): close-up of disc flower
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Galinsoga quadriradiata (Shaggy Soldier)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Shaggy Soldier
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. BlakeYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities
Helianthus decapetalus (Thinleaf Sunflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Thinleaf Sunflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Hieracium ×flagellare (Whiplash Hawkweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Whiplash Hawkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Hieracium caespitosum (Meadow Hawkweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Meadow Hawkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Hieracium pratense TauschYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Hieracium gronovii (Queendevil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Queendevil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Hieracium paniculatum (Allegheny Hawkweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Allegheny Hawkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Hieracium piloselloides (Tall Hawkweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Hawkweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Lactuca biennis (Tall Blue Lettuce)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Blue Lettuce
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2023
iNaturalist Observations:
179861062 (Observed: 8/23/2023)
Lactuca canadensis (Canada Lettuce)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Canada Lettuce
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004
Images
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)
Lactuca serriola (Prickly Lettuce)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Prickly Lettuce
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Lapsana communis (Common Nipplewort)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Nipplewort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2017; 2020
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
50583417 (Observed: 6/22/2020)
Images
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis)
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close-up of leaf
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close-up of inflorescence
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis)
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): underside of leaf
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close up of pubesence on the underside of leaf
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): the plant when it's in fruit
Common Nipplewort (Lapsana communis): close-up of 'capsule'
Leucanthemum vulgare (Oxeye Daisy)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Oxeye Daisy
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2023
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Ballistic; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Matricaria discoidea (Disc Mayweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Disc Mayweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Packera aurea (Golden Ragwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Golden Ragwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2023
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
116588510 (Observed: 5/11/2022)
77515719 (Observed: 5/5/2021)
75465541 (Observed: 4/27/2021)
46531876 (Observed: 5/18/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Images
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
Prenanthes altissima (Tall Rattlesnakeroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Rattlesnakeroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
41044511 (Observed: 3/29/2020)
27641323 (Observed: 6/25/2019)
Images
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Tall Rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes altissima)
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (Rabbit-tobacco)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Rabbit-tobacco
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.Year Noted: 1984
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Rudbeckia hirta (Blackeyed Susan)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Blackeyed Susan
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2020; 2022-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List
iNaturalist Observations:
127013571 (Observed: 7/19/2022)
57688817 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): inflorescence
Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): close-up of inflorescence
Rudbeckia laciniata (Cutleaf Coneflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Cutleaf Coneflower
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Senecio vulgaris (Old-Man-In-The-Spring)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Old-Man-In-The-Spring
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2017; 2022-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Images
Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
Old-Man-In-The-Spring (Senecio vulgaris)
Solidago altissima (Tall Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1968-1990; 2020; 2022
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
137440711 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
59770742 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Tall Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)
Solidago bicolor (White Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: White Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Solidago caesia (Bluestem Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Bluestem Goldenrod; Wreath Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List
iNaturalist Observations:
97894375 (Observed: 10/6/2021)
59765734 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
Wreath Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)
Solidago canadensis (Canada Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Canada Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Solidago flexicaulis (Zigzag Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Zigzag Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2016-2017; 2020-2021
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
61145465 (Observed: 9/28/2020)
Images
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of phyllaries
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): upper surface of leaf
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of stem and leaf base
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): lower surface of leaf
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis): close-up of inflorescence
Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Giant Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57254394 (Observed: 8/20/2020)
Images
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea): underside of leaf
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea): close-up of flowers
Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea): close-up of flowers
Solidago juncea (Early Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Early Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Solidago nemoralis (Gray Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Gray Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Solidago patula (Swamp Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Swamp Goldenrod; Roundleaf Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
Solidago rugosa (Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
iNaturalist Observations:
137020347 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
60347533 (Observed: 9/18/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa)
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa)
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close-up of lower stem
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close-up of upper stem
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): upper surface of leaf
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): lower surface of leaf
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): inflorescence
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): inflorescence
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close up of infloresence and phyllaries
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa): close up of infloresence
Sonchus asper (Spiny Sowthistle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Spiny Sowthistle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Common Blue Wood Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Blue Wood Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Aster cordifolius L.Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Northeast List
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (White Panicle Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: White Panicle Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020; 2022
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org
iNaturalist Observations:
136588198 (Observed: 9/26/2022)
60650029 (Observed: 9/24/2020)
62081895 (Observed: 10/8/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Images
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): upper surface of leaf
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): underside of leaf
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): close-up of underside of leaf
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): close-up of stem
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
White Panicle Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum): inflorescence
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (Calico Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Calico Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Aster lateriflorus (L.) BrittonYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
iNaturalist Observations:
59732628 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
61441693 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum): close-up of inflorescence
Symphyotrichum novae. angliae (New England Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: New England Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Aster novae-angliae L.Years Noted: 1983-1984; 2000; 2017; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: Very High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: Very High (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
136931182 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
60207385 (Observed: 9/20/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Hairy White Oldfield Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: Hairy White Oldfield Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Aster pilosus Willd. var. demotusYears Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
136924532 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
61204174 (Observed: 9/28/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of pubescent stem
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of underside of leaf
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of inflorescence
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of developing fruits
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of the phyllaries
Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum): close-up of the phyllaries
Symphyotrichum puniceum (Swamp Aster)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Swamp Aster; Purplestem Aster
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Aster puniceus L.Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2022
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
137415236 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
136839589 (Observed: 9/28/2022)
136193538 (Observed: 9/23/2022)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Taraxacum officinale (Common Dandelion)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Names: Common Dandelion; Diente de León
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Wind
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
79192981 (Observed: 5/17/2021)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Asteraceae
Notes
Common Name: New York Ironweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Virginia DCR; Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List; Xerces Society - Northeast List
iNaturalist Observations:
52526821 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
57181358 (Observed: 8/20/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation [DCR]. 2022. https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/save-the-monarch; Date Accessed: 8/19/2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Northeast. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-044_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Northeast_web-3page.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Images
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)
Impatiens capensis (Jewelweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Balsaminaceae
Notes
Common Name: Jewelweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 1989; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2013; 2016-2020; 2022-2023
Dispersed By: Ballistic; Human Activities; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
55824855 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Berberis thunbergii (Japanese Barberry)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Berberidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Barberry
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1965; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748161 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
157084320 (Observed: 4/18/2023)
Images
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Berberidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blue Cohosh
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
75464394 (Observed: 4/27/2021)
49872775 (Observed: 6/16/2020)
Images
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Berberidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Mayapple
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2013; 2015-2024
Dispersed By: Reptiles; Turtles
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
110750099 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
110758631 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
163179713 (Observed: 5/22/2023)
153581523 (Observed: 4/5/2023)
45024259 (Observed: 5/5/2020)
Images
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Alnus serrulata (Hazel Alder)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Betulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hazel Alder
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Alnus incana var. serrulataYears Noted: 1984; 2008; 2017
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Hazel Alder (Alnus serrulata)
Hazel Alder (Alnus serrulata)
Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Betulaceae
Notes
Common Names: American Hornbeam; Musclewood; Blue Beech
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
156723973 (Observed: 4/26/2023)
Images
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
Corylus americana (American Hazelnut)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Betulaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Hazelnut
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)
Deer Resistant: Yes
Ostrya virginiana (Hophornbeam)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Betulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hophornbeam
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018-2019
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Cynoglossum virginianum (Wild Comfrey)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Boraginaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wild Comfrey
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2014; 2017; 2019-2021
iNaturalist Observations:
159494226 (Observed: 5/3/2023)
Images
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum)
Hackelia virginiana (Beggars Lice)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Boraginaceae
Notes
Common Names: Beggars Lice; Virginia Stickseed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
163689460 (Observed: 5/25/2023)
159491819 (Observed: 5/3/2023)
89830006 (Observed: 8/3/2021)
52518749 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
60458234 (Observed: 9/22/2020)
Images
Beggars Lice (Hackelia virginiana)
Beggars Lice (Hackelia virginiana)
Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebells)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Boraginaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Bluebells
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018-2019
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica)
Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica)
Myosotis scorpioides (Water Forget-Me-Not)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Boraginaceae
Notes
Common Names: Water Forget-Me-Not; True Forget-Me-Not
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2017; 2020; 2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
50916745 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
Images
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides)
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides): close-up of leaves
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides): close-up of flower
True Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis scorpioides): close-up of center of flower
Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Garlic Mustard
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
163691021 (Observed: 5/25/2023)
154172920 (Observed: 4/9/2023)
99456559 (Observed: 5/14/2020)
5639942 (Observed: 4/10/2017)
Images
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata): young leaves beside and underneath the snow
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouseear Cress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Mouseear Cress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2000
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Arabis canadensis (Sicklepod)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sicklepod
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Arabis lyrata (Lyrate Rockcress)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lyrate Rockcress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Deer Resistant: Yes
Barbarea vulgaris (Garden Yellowrocket)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Names: Garden Yellowrocket; Early Wintercress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; Human Activities; Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
113146324 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
157082758 (Observed: 4/18/2023)
118454560 (Observed: 5/11/2022)
75459319 (Observed: 4/27/2021)
74771869 (Observed: 4/21/2021)
57795826 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris): close-up of leaf base
Garden Yellowrocket (Barbarea vulgaris): clos-up of a fruit (lying on a leaf)
Brassica rapa (Field Mustard)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Mustard
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Brassica campestris L.Years Noted: 1984; 2008
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities
Allelopathic: Yes
Capsella bursa. pastoris (Shepherds Purse)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Shepherd's Purse
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967-1976; 1984; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Cardamine bulbosa (Bulbous Bittercress)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bulbous Bittercress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2017
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Cardamine concatenata (Cutleaf Toothwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cutleaf Toothwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Dentaria concatenata Michx.; Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex WilldYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
77264494 (Observed: 5/3/2021)
Images
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata)
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata): inflorescence
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata): close-up of a flower
Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata): close-up of a floral bud
Cardamine hirsuta (Hairy Bittercress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hairy Bittercress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018; 2021-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
108884679 (Observed: 3/18/2022)
73899173 (Observed: 4/13/2021)
Images
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta): fruit
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta): constriction between the base of the fruit and the peduncle
Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta): developing seed
Cardamine impatiens (Narrowleaf Bittercress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Narrowleaf Bittercress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Ballistic
Notes: An invasive species that has been progressively more abundant at the Gordon during the past six years (at least).
iNaturalist Observations:
146493632 (Observed: 1/11/2023)
40195112 (Observed: 3/18/2020)
46430815 (Observed: 5/18/2020)
Images
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Narrowleaf Bittercress (Cardamine impatiens)
Cardamine pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Bittercress)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pennsylvania Bittercress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
77516466 (Observed: 5/5/2021)
46962430 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
Images
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
Erysimum cheiranthoides (Wormseed Wallflower)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wormseed Wallflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory
Hesperis matronalis (Dames Rocket)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Dames Rocket
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2017-2018; 2021-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
117769735 (Observed: 5/19/2022)
79566460 (Observed: 5/20/2021)
Images
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Dames Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
Lepidium campestre (Field Peppergrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Names: Field Peppergrass; Pepperweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017; 2021
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
77511736 (Observed: 5/5/2021)
Images
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)
Lepidium densiflorum (Common Pepperweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Pepperweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)
Lepidium virginicum (Virginia Pepperweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Pepperweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)
Allelopathic: Yes
Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Claspleaf Pennycress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Claspleaf Pennycress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Nasturtium officinale (Watercress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Watercress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2017-2018; 2020
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
57796849 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Sisymbrium officinale (Hedgemustard)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hedgemustard
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Wind
Thlaspi alliaceum (Roadside Pennycress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Names: Roadside Pennycress; Garlic Penny-cress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2017-2018; 2021-2022
iNaturalist Observations:
118452423 (Observed: 5/23/2022)
74773264 (Observed: 4/21/2021)
Images
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum)
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum): close-up of leaf
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum): close-up of inflorescence
Roadside Pennycress (Thlaspi alliaceum): close-up of fruit
Thlaspi arvense (Field Pennycress)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Brassicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Pennycress
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
53101394 (Observed: 7/14/2020)
Pachysandra terminalis (Japanese Pachysandra)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Buxaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Pachysandra
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2024
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis)
Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis)
Callitriche heterophylla (Twoheaded Water-starwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Callitrichaceae
Notes
Common Name: Twoheaded Water-starwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Images
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
Twoheaded Water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla)
Campanula aparinoides (Marsh Bellflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Campanulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Marsh Bellflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Lobelia inflata (Indian-tobacco)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Campanulaceae
Notes
Common Names: Indian-tobacco; Puke Weed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020-2021
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
iNaturalist Observations:
94849486 (Observed: 9/10/2021)
57686666 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata)
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata)
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): developing fruit
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): upper surface of leaf
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): close-up of flower
Indian-tobacco (Lobelia inflata): under surface of leaf
Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Campanulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Great Blue Lobelia
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers; Pollinator.org
iNaturalist Observations:
92525143 (Observed: 8/25/2021)
32197451 (Observed: 9/5/2019)
57181263 (Observed: 8/20/2020)
58274717 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Images
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Triodanis perfoliata (Clasping Venus Looking-glass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Campanulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Clasping Venus' Looking-glass
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Humulus japonicus (Japanese Hop)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cannabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Hop
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
39925190 (Observed: 9/30/2019)
57677974 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus)
Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Honeysuckle
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 1987; 1992; 1996; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
39533008 (Observed: 2/25/2020)
34895358 (Observed: 7/9/2019)
40997396 (Observed: 3/29/2020)
49762313 (Observed: 6/15/2020)
62060383 (Observed: 10/8/2020)
Images
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of inflorescence
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of inflorescence
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): upper surface of leaf
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): lower surface of leaf
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): close-up of fruit
Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Amur Honeysuckle
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009-2014; 2016-2024
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748186 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
97399674 (Observed: 10/6/2021)
Images
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
Lonicera morrowii (Morrows Honeysuckle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Morrow's Honeysuckle
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1970-1971; 1984; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Birds
Lonicera sempervirens (Trumpet Honeysuckle)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Trumpet Honeysuckle
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Deer Resistant: Yes
Lonicera standishii (Standishs Honeysuckle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Standish's Honeysuckle
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Year Noted: 1978
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (American Black Elderberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Black Elderberry
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Sambucus canadensis L.Years Noted: 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
40998666 (Observed: 3/29/2020)
Viburnum acerifolium (Mapleleaf Viburnum)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Mapleleaf Viburnum
Growth Habit: Shrub, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
164700838 (Observed: 5/30/2023)
104468685 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
83681093 (Observed: 6/18/2021)
74365248 (Observed: 4/17/2021)
65099246 (Observed: 11/17/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Images
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Viburnum dentatum (Southern Arrowwood)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Southern Arrowwood
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
49763462 (Observed: 6/15/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Images
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum)
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): pair of leaves
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): underside of leaf
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): inflorescence
Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum): close-up of flower
Viburnum dilatatum (Linden Arrowwood)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Linden Arrowwood
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2021-2022
iNaturalist Observations:
133918860 (Observed: 6/1/2022)
99556907 (Observed: 10/19/2021)
52805734 (Observed: 9/15/2017)
Images
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Linden Arrowwood (Viburnum dilatatum)
Viburnum opulus (European Cranberrybush)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: European Cranberrybush
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
Viburnum plicatum (Japanese Snowball)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Snowball
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1978; 2007; 2017-2019; 2021; 2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
46023059 (Observed: 5/12/2020)
77656063 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
Images
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Japanese Snowball (Viburnum plicatum)
Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blackhaw
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Pollinator.org
iNaturalist Observations:
156596679 (Observed: 4/25/2023)
130150061 (Observed: 8/9/2022)
99653146 (Observed: 10/28/2021)
99629281 (Observed: 10/28/2021)
45211674 (Observed: 5/7/2020)
53788712 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Pollinator.org. 2022. https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/MonarchGardenPlants_170625_152424.pdf; File Accessed: 8-22-2022.
Images
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): seedling
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium)
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium)
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): inflorescence
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): inflorescence
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): close-up of flowers
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): close-up of flowers
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): trunk
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): upper surface of leaves
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): underside of leaves
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): close-up of fruit
Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium): seedling
Viburnum setigerum (Tea Viburnum)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tea Viburnum
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Viburnum sieboldii (Siebolds Arrowwood)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Siebold's Arrowwood
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
130149132 (Observed: 8/9/2022)
Arenaria serpyllifolia (Thymeleaf Sandwort)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Thymeleaf Sandwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Cerastium fontanum (Common Mouse-ear Chickweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Cerastium holosteoides auct. non Fr.Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Cerastium glomeratum (Sticky Chickweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sticky Chickweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Cerastium nutans (Nodding Chickweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Nodding Chickweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dianthus armeria (Deptford Pink)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Deptford Pink
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2023
Paronychia canadensis (Smooth Forked Nailwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smooth Forked Nailwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Silene antirrhina (Sleepy Silene)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sleepy Silene
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Silene latifolia (Bladder Campion)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bladder Campion
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Silene alba MillYears Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
50584608 (Observed: 6/22/2020)
58280489 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia)
Bladder Campion (Silene latifolia): close-up of flower
Silene stellata (Widowsfrill)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Widowsfrill
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Deer Resistant: Yes
Spergularia salina (Salt Sandspurry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Salt Sandspurry
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Stellaria longifolia (Longleaf Starwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Longleaf Starwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Stellaria media (Common Chickweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Chickweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2023
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
146765753 (Observed: 1/11/2023)
Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental Bittersweet)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Celastraceae
Notes
Common Name: Oriental Bittersweet
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1970-1971; 1984; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
65956800 (Observed: 11/24/2020)
Images
Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
Euonymus alatus (Burningbush)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Celastraceae
Notes
Common Name: Burningbush
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2009; 2011; 2016-2024
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Burningbush (Euonymus alatus)
Burningbush (Euonymus alatus)
Burningbush (Euonymus alatus)
Euonymus fortunei (Winter Creeper)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Celastraceae
Notes
Common Name: Winter Creeper
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2016-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
98229990 (Observed: 10/11/2021)
71325867 (Observed: 3/22/2019)
Images
Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei)
Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei)
Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei)
Atriplex patula (Spear Saltbush)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Chenopodiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spear Saltbush
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Chenopodium album (Lambsquarters)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Chenopodiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lambsquarters
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967-1972; 1984; 1994; 2004; 2007; 2013; 2016; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
Hypericum perforatum (Common St. Johnswort)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Clusiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common St. Johnswort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Hypericum prolificum (Shrubby St. Johns-Wort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Clusiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Shrubby St. John's-Wort
Growth Habit: Shrub, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2022-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
149996274 (Observed: 3/1/2023)
126369680 (Observed: 7/15/2022)
Images
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Shrubby St. John's-Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
Hypericum punctatum (Spotted St. Johnswort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Clusiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spotted St. Johnswort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
174671828 (Observed: 7/21/2023)
126364917 (Observed: 7/15/2022)
123875832 (Observed: 6/27/2022)
85262594 (Observed: 7/1/2021)
57689252 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
58992591 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum)
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum)
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): leaves and attachment to stem
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): underside of leaf
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): close-up of flower
Spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum): close-up of flower
Calystegia sepium (Hedge False Bindweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Convolvulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hedge False Bindweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Undetermined
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
126377825 (Observed: 7/15/2022)
88173427 (Observed: 7/22/2021)
53782842 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Hedge False Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
Ipomoea purpurea (Common Morning-Glory)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Convolvulaceae
Notes
Common Names: Common Morning-Glory; Tall Morning-Glory
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2023
Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
179858765 (Observed: 8/23/2023)
Cornus alternifolia (Alternateleaf Dogwood)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cornaceae
Notes
Common Name: Alternateleaf Dogwood
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
76516160 (Observed: 4/29/2021)
Images
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Alternateleaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
Cornus amomum (Silky Dogwood)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cornaceae
Notes
Common Name: Silky Dogwood
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)
Bee Beneficial: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
123258472 (Observed: 6/24/2022)
83939658 (Observed: 6/21/2021)
84357761 (Observed: 6/24/2021)
58994006 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of bark
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of leaf bases
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): upper surface of leaf
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): underside of leaf
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of leaf underside
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): pith
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): developing fruit
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum): close-up of flowers
Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cornaceae
Notes
Common Name: Flowering Dogwood
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2004-2005; 2007; 2010-2011; 2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Images
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Nyssa sylvatica (Black Tupelo)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cornaceae
Notes
Common Names: Black Tupelo; Blackgum
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Birds
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Images
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Penthorum sedoides (Ditch Stonecrop)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Crassulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Ditch Stonecrop
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
137048137 (Observed: 9/30/2022)
Images
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides)
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Upper surface of leaf
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Underside of leaf
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Fruits
Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides): Close-up of fruits
Sedum sarmentosum (Stringy Stonecrop)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Crassulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Stringy Stonecrop
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2018; 2020; 2023
Notes: One population noted: at the base of the Route 202 ramp at the eastern edge of the GNA.
iNaturalist Observations:
41776018 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
Images
Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum)
Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum)
Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum)
Sedum ternatum (Woodland Stonecrop)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Crassulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Woodland Stonecrop
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2024
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
146845575 (Observed: 1/18/2023)
77874697 (Observed: 5/7/2021)
40101718 (Observed: 3/16/2020)
45018999 (Observed: 5/5/2020)
54858689 (Observed: 7/30/2020)
Images
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)
Echinocystis lobata (Wild Cucumber)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wild Cucumber
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
132848661 (Observed: 8/29/2022)
Images
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
Sicyos angulatus (Oneseed Bur Cucumber)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Oneseed Bur Cucumber
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 1993-1995; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2018; 2022
Images
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Oneseed Bur Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus)
Cuscuta gronovii (Scaldweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Cuscutaceae
Notes
Common Name: Scaldweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Water
Images
Scaldweed (Cuscuta gronovii)
Scaldweed (Cuscuta gronovii)
Scaldweed (Cuscuta gronovii)
Dipsacus fullonum (Fullers Teasel)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Dipsacaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fuller's Teasel
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2019-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
108329682 (Observed: 3/10/2022)
88172861 (Observed: 7/22/2021)
83182844 (Observed: 6/14/2021)
57180106 (Observed: 8/20/2020)
59734041 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum): inflorescence
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum): inflorescence
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum): close-up of developing inflorescence
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian Olive)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Elaeagnaceae
Notes
Common Name: Russian Olive
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Year Noted: 1978
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
Elaeagnus umbellata (Autumn Olive)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Elaeagnaceae
Notes
Common Name: Autumn Olive
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1984; 1991; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012-2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
135114078 (Observed: 9/14/2022)
100877716 (Observed: 11/11/2021)
83936795 (Observed: 6/21/2021)
40103175 (Observed: 3/16/2020)
46766371 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
58989460 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): underside of leaf
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): close-up of underside of leaf
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): close-up of underside of leaf
Lyonia ligustrina (Maleberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ericaceae
Notes
Common Name: Maleberry
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Rhododendron periclymenoides (Pinkster Bush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ericaceae
Notes
Common Names: Pinkster Bush; Pink Azalea
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1978; 1984; 2007; 2011; 2016-2020; 2022-2023
Images
Pink Azalea (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Pinkster Bush (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Acalypha rhomboidea (Common Threeseed Mercury)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Common Threeseed Mercury; Common Copperleaf
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
57678837 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea)
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea)
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): upper surface of leaf
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): lower surface of leaf
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): inflorescence
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): close-up of inflorescence
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): close-up of inflorescence
Common Threeseed Mercury (Acalypha rhomboidea): inflorescence: close-up of inflorescence
Acalypha virginica (Virginia Threeseed Mercury)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Threeseed Mercury
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory
Chamaesyce maculata (Spotted Sandmat)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spotted Sandmat
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Ants; Ballistic; Human Activities
Allelopathic: Yes
Chamaesyce nutans (Eyebane)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eyebane
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Euphorbia nutans Lag.Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Albizia julibrissin (Silktree)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Silktree
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2007; 2019-2022
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
81415929 (Observed: 6/2/2021)
53100910 (Observed: 7/14/2020)
Images
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin)
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin)
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin)
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin): close-up of a flower base
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin): close up of the anthers
Silktree (Albizia julibrissin): close-up of inflorescence
Amphicarpaea bracteata (American Hogpeanut)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Hogpeanut
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2013-2014; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Dispersal Prevented
iNaturalist Observations:
32484853 (Observed: 9/10/2019)
58542708 (Observed: 9/4/2020)
Images
American Hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata)
American Hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata)
Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Chamaecrista nictitans (Sensitive Partridge Pea)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sensitive Partridge Pea
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Cassia nictitans L.Year Noted: 1984
Desmodium glabellum (Tall Tick-Trefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Names: Tall Tick-Trefoil; Dillenius' Ticktrefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
56446898 (Observed: 8/14/2020)
Desmodium glutinosum (Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018
Images
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)
Desmodium nudiflorum (Naked-flowered Tick-Trefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Naked-flowered Tick-Trefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2023
Desmodium paniculatum (Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007
Desmodium perplexum (Perplexed Ticktrefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Perplexed Ticktrefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2017; 2020
Images
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Perplexed Ticktrefoil (Desmodium perplexum)
Gleditsia triacanthos (Honeylocust)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Honeylocust
Growth Habit: Shrub, Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
34479284 (Observed: 10/16/2019)
61141964 (Observed: 9/28/2020)
Images
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): underside of leaf
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): close-up of underside of leaflet
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): : close-up of stem and petiole bases
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos): close-up of a seedling's stem
Lespedeza repens (Creeping Lespedeza)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Creeping Lespedeza
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Lespedeza violacea (Violet Lespedeza)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Violet Lespedeza
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Lespedeza intermedia sensu ClewellYears Noted: 1984; 2007
Lotus corniculatus (Birds-foot Trefoil)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bird's-foot Trefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Deer; General Zoochory; Water
Medicago lupulina (Black Medick)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Medick
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Water
Melilotus officinalis (Sweetclover)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweetclover
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Locust
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 1987; 1992; 1996; 1999-2000; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2009; 2012-2014; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
61140403 (Observed: 9/28/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): underside of leaflets
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of underside of leaflet
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of base of petiole
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of thorns
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia): close-up of a seedling stem
Securigera varia (Crownvetch)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Crownvetch
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Synonyms: Coronilla varia L.Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2011; 2017-2020; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
50585448 (Observed: 6/22/2020)
Images
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia): close-up of inflorescence
Crownvetch (Securigera varia): close-up of flower
Trifolium aureum (Golden Clover)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Golden Clover
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Trifolium campestre (Field Clover)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Clover
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Trifolium hybridum (Alsike Clover)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Alsike Clover
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Trifolium pratense (Red Clover)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Red Clover
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
57683057 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): leaf
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): upper surface of leaflet
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): lower surface of leaflet
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): inflorescence
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): close-up of inflorescence
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): close-up of inflorescence
Trifolium repens (White Clover)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: White Clover
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Vicia sativa (Garden Vetch)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Garden Vetch
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic
Vicia tetrasperma (Lentil Vetch)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fabaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lentil Vetch
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Ballistic; Deer; Human Activities; Water
Castanea dentata (American Chestnut)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Chestnut
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1971; 1978; 1984; 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)
Notes: Traits that characterize American Chestnut Buds and Stems (from the American Chestnut Foundation Website - https://acf.org/resources/identification/chinese-american-chestnuts/, Date Accessed: 4/5/2023): \"Pointed buds that angle away from the stem; Stems smooth and hairless; Stem color reddish brown to dark green' Small but numerous lenticels on stem.\"
Images
American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
Castanea mollissima (Chinese Chestnut)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Chinese Chestnut
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1990; 2023
iNaturalist Observations:
151054916 (Observed: 3/13/2023)
Images
Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) burs
Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) bur
Cross-section of a Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) bur
Fagus grandifolia (American Beech)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Beech
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Mammals (non-bat)
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748155 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
154740945 (Observed: 4/13/2023)
94210489 (Observed: 9/2/2021)
69810886 (Observed: 10/4/2019)
Images
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth Oak)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sawtooth Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."
Year Noted: 2012
Quercus alba (White Oak)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: White Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2023
Allelopathic: Yes
Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Swamp White Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2013; 2016
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
163847308 (Observed: 5/26/2023)
Quercus coccinea (Scarlet Oak)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Scarlet Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 2007; 2018
Quercus palustris (Pin Oak)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pin Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2022
Dispersed By: Water
iNaturalist Observations:
143956047 (Observed: 12/8/2022)
Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Northern Red Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2012-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Human Activities
Allelopathic: Yes
Quercus velutina (Black Oak)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fagaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Oak
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2016-2018; 2020-2024
Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchmans Breeches)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Fumariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Dutchman's Breeches
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria)
Obolaria virginica (Virginia Pennywort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Gentianaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Pennywort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
103382139 (Observed: 12/15/2021)
40995765 (Observed: 3/29/2020)
41791905 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
72393991 (Observed: 3/29/2021)
Images
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Virginia Pennywort (Obolaria virginica)
Geranium carolinianum (Carolina Geranium)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Geraniaceae
Notes
Common Name: Carolina Geranium
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Geranium dissectum (Cutleaf Geranium)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Geraniaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cutleaf Geranium
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Human Activities
Geranium maculatum (Spotted Geranium)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Geraniaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spotted Geranium
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2018; 2020-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
77524061 (Observed: 5/3/2021)
Images
Spotted Geranium (Geranium maculatum)
Spotted Geranium (Geranium maculatum)
Ribes (Currant)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Grossulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Currant
Growth Habit:
Duration:
Origin: Undetermined
Year Noted: 2017-2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Hamamelis virginiana (American Witchhazel)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Hamamelidaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Witchhazel
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1970; 1984; 1992; 2004; 2007; 2010; 2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Ballistic; Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
140880305 (Observed: 10/20/2022)
63432533 (Observed: 10/24/2020)
Images
American Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
American Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
American Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Hamamelidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweetgum
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018-2024
Dispersed By: Wind
Notes: A single individual noted in the Gordon. Almost certainly introduced from nearby horticultural sources.
iNaturalist Observations:
92405052 (Observed: 8/24/2021)
Images
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua): fruit
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua): close-up of style and stigma
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Philadelphus (Mock Orange)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Notes
Common Name: Mock Orange
Growth Habit:
Duration:
Origin: Undetermined
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Carya cordiformis (Bitternut Hickory)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Juglandaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bitternut Hickory
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1992; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Juglandaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pignut Hickory
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013-2014; 2016-2021; 2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
Carya ovalis (Red Hickory)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Juglandaceae
Notes
Common Name: Red Hickory
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Juglandaceae
Notes
Common Name: Shagbark Hickory
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
104421441 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
25467385 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
35098442 (Observed: 10/30/2019)
Images
Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
Carya tomentosa (Mockernut Hickory)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Juglandaceae
Notes
Common Name: Mockernut Hickory
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Carya alba (L.) NuttYears Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2018; 2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
156724978 (Observed: 4/25/2023)
Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Juglandaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Walnut
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 1996; 2000; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2008; 2012-2014; 2016-2020; 2022-2023
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Agastache nepetoides (Yellow Giant Hyssop)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Yellow Giant Hyssop
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015; Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Ajuga reptans (Carpet Bugleweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Carpet Bugleweed; Common Bugle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57571430 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
Images
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans)
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): leaf upper surface
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): inflorescence
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): close-up of flower
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): inflorescence
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): senescing flower
Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans): underside of leaf
Clinopodium vulgare (Wild Basil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wild Basil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Satureja vulgaris (L.) FritschYears Noted: 1983-1984; 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
Allelopathic: Yes
Collinsonia canadensis (Richweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Richweed; Citronella Horse Balm
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2020; 2022-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
135276037 (Observed: 9/16/2022)
57666421 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis)
Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis)
Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis)
Glechoma hederacea (Gill-over-the-ground)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Gill-over-the-ground; Ground Ivy
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Human Activities; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
154853801 (Observed: 4/14/2023)
110579811 (Observed: 4/5/2022)
74364367 (Observed: 4/17/2021)
42062097 (Observed: 4/12/2020)
Images
Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
Gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea)
Hedeoma pulegioides (American False Pennyroyal)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: American False Pennyroyal
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Lamium amplexicaule (Henbit Deadnettle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Henbit Deadnettle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities
Lamium purpureum (Purple Deadnettle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Purple Deadnettle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2008; 2016-2018; 2021
Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
74764961 (Observed: 4/21/2021)
Images
Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum)
Leonurus cardiaca (Common Motherwort)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Motherwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
Lycopus americanus (American Water Horehound)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Water Horehound
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
Lycopus uniflorus (Northern Bugleweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Northern Bugleweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2020
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
56448483 (Observed: 8/14/2020)
Images
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Northern Bugleweed (Lycopus uniflorus)
Lycopus virginicus (Virginia Water Horehound)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Water Horehound
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Images
Virginia Water Horehound (Lycopus virginicus)
Virginia Water Horehound (Lycopus virginicus)
Virginia Water Horehound (Lycopus virginicus)
Mentha ×piperita (Peppermint)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Peppermint
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Notes: A single 'occurrence' noted. Growing along the PECO power line right-of-way.
iNaturalist Observations:
57726281 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita)
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of inflorescence
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of inflorescence
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita)
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of inflorescence
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita): close-up of flower
Mentha arvensis (Corn Mint)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Corn Mint; Wild Mint
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2020-2021; 2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
173760484 (Observed: 7/19/2023)
52515616 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Images
Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Wild Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Mentha spicata (Spearmint)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spearmint
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019; 2021-2022
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
90770688 (Observed: 8/10/2021)
Nepeta cataria (Catnip)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Catnip
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities
Deer Resistant: Yes
Perilla frutescens (Beefsteak Plant)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Beefsteak Plant
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: Very common along roadsides and in other weedy 'edge' habitats.
iNaturalist Observations:
57676580 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
60459745 (Observed: 9/22/2020)
Images
Beefsteakplant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteakplant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteakplant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens)
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens): inflorescence
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens): inflorescence
Beefsteak Plant (Perilla frutescens): close-up of inflorescence
Prunella vulgaris (Common Selfheal)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Selfheal
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Narrowleaf Mountainmint)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Narrowleaf Mountainmint
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Xerces Society - Mid-Atlantic List
Monarch Butterfly References
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Xerces Society: Monarch Nectar Plants Mid-Atlantic. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/16-042_01_XercesSoc_MonarchNectarPlants_Mid-Atlantic_web-3page_0.pdf. File Accessed: 8-25-2022.
Pycnanthemum virginianum (Virginia Mountainmint)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Mountainmint
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2016-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
86911024 (Observed: 7/13/2021)
36404751 (Observed: 12/6/2019)
52500805 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Images
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Virginia Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
Scutellaria elliptica (Hairy Skullcap)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hairy Skullcap
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Scutellaria integrifolia (Helmet Flower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Helmet Flower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Scutellaria lateriflora (Blue Skullcap)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blue Skullcap
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2018
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Teucrium canadense (Canada Germander)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Names: Canada Germander; American Germander
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2018; 2020-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
171559321 (Observed: 7/7/2023)
134056962 (Observed: 9/7/2022)
132860806 (Observed: 8/29/2022)
90773693 (Observed: 8/10/2021)
86911800 (Observed: 7/13/2021)
53772958 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
58281223 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Canada Germander (Teucrium canadense)
Trichostema dichotomum (Forked Bluecurls)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lamiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Forked Bluecurls
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Lindera benzoin (Northern Spicebush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lauraceae
Notes
Common Name: Northern Spicebush
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748175 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
40669237 (Observed: 3/24/2020)
72393798 (Observed: 3/29/2021)
Images
Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Sassafras albidum (Sassafras)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lauraceae
Notes
Common Name: Sassafras
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
79316179 (Observed: 5/13/2021)
51627518 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
207972459 (Observed: 4/18/2024)
Images
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): Bark
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): Fall colors
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) seedling
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): sapling
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): close-up of inflorescence and developing leaves
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): close-up of inflorescence
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): close-up of flower
Linum virginianum (Woodland Flax)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Linaceae
Notes
Common Name: Woodland Flax
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Lythrum salicaria (Purple Loosestrife)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Lythraceae
Notes
Common Name: Purple Loosestrife
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2012; 2017; 2021; 2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
94855995 (Observed: 9/14/2021)
Images
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Liriodendron tulipifera (Tuliptree)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Magnoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tuliptree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Mammals (non-bat); Wind
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
81493896 (Observed: 6/3/2021)
49113166 (Observed: 6/4/2020)
Images
Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber-tree)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Magnoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cucumber-tree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Magnolia tripetala (Umbrella-tree)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Magnoliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Umbrella-tree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
98229798 (Observed: 10/11/2021)
75701554 (Observed: 4/29/2021)
49058027 (Observed: 6/9/2020)
Images
Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala)
Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala)
Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala)
Abutilon theophrasti (Velvetleaf)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Malvaceae
Notes
Common Names: Velvetleaf; Butter-print
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2023
Dispersed By: Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
179009540 (Observed: 8/18/2023)
Hibiscus syriacus (Rose-of-Sharon)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Malvaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rose-of-Sharon
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
58274287 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): base of flower and Green Cone-headed Planthopper
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): close-up of flower
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): close-up of flower
Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): close of of stigma
Hibiscus trionum (Flower Of An Hour)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Malvaceae
Notes
Common Name: Flower Of An Hour
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
167031437 (Observed: 6/12/2023)
Malva moschata (Musk Mallow)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Malvaceae
Notes
Common Name: Musk Mallow
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
Sida spinosa (Prickly Fanpetals)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Malvaceae
Notes
Common Name: Prickly Fanpetals
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat)
Menispermum canadense (Common Moonseed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Menispermaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Moonseed
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2023
Dispersed By: Birds
iNaturalist Observations:
156721047 (Observed: 4/25/2023)
Mollugo verticillata (Green Carpetweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Molluginaceae
Notes
Common Name: Green Carpetweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
Monotropa uniflora (Indianpipe)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Monotropaceae
Notes
Common Name: Indianpipe
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
173759031 (Observed: 7/19/2023)
83638338 (Observed: 6/18/2021)
Images
Indianpipe (Monotropa uniflora)
Indianpipe (Monotropa uniflora)
Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Moraceae
Notes
Common Name: Osage Orange
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat)
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
Morus alba (White Mulberry)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Moraceae
Notes
Common Name: White Mulberry
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 1978; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Dispersal Unassisted; Mammals (non-bat)
iNaturalist Observations:
79197060 (Observed: 5/17/2021)
Morus rubra (Red Mulberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Moraceae
Notes
Common Name: Red Mulberry
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1978; 1984
Dispersed By: Birds; Mammals (non-bat)
Forsythia (Forsythia)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oleaceae
Notes
Common Name: Forsythia
Growth Habit:
Duration:
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Fraxinus americana (White Ash)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oleaceae
Notes
Common Name: White Ash
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
154742886 (Observed: 4/13/2023)
Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oleaceae
Notes
Common Name: Green Ash
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1978; 2007; 2017; 2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Ligustrum obtusifolium (Border Privet)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oleaceae
Notes
Common Name: Border Privet
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2016-2024
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
13242645 (Observed: 6/8/2018)
118453066 (Observed: 5/23/2022)
45918273 (Observed: 5/14/2020)
50922714 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
Images
Border Privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium)
Ligustrum vulgare (European Privet)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oleaceae
Notes
Common Name: European Privet
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1971; 1978; 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
Circaea lutetiana (Broadleaf Enchanters Nightshade)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Onagraceae
Notes
Common Name: Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Circaea canadensis (L.) HillYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
50586904 (Observed: 6/22/2020)
Images
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)
Epilobium coloratum (Purpleleaf Willowherb)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Onagraceae
Notes
Common Name: Purpleleaf Willowherb
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
iNaturalist Observations:
57727017 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Purpleleaf Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum)
Ludwigia alternifolia (Seedbox)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Onagraceae
Notes
Common Name: Seedbox
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2020
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
58992945 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia)
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia)
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): close-up of flower
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): upper surface of leaf
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): close-up of underside of leaf
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): stem with flowers
Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia): close-up of calyx
Ludwigia palustris (Marsh Seedbox)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Onagraceae
Notes
Common Name: Marsh Seedbox
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2024
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Water
iNaturalist Observations:
95091216 (Observed: 9/16/2021)
50917084 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
Images
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris)
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris)
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris)
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): habit
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): close-up of flower buds in the leaf-axils
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): close-up of flower
Marsh Seedbox (Ludwigia palustris): close-up of flower
Oenothera biennis (Common Evening Primrose)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Onagraceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Evening Primrose
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2012; 2017; 2020; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Bee Beneficial: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
58277669 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Epifagus virginiana (Beechdrops)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Orobanchaceae
Notes
Common Name: Beechdrops
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
61780655 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
104468712 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
60459245 (Observed: 9/22/2020)
Images
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana)
Orobanche uniflora (One-flowered Broomrape)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Orobanchaceae
Notes
Common Name: One-flowered Broomrape
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2019; 2021; 2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Notes: A root parasite who's stem is underground; hence, you only see this species when it's flowering.
iNaturalist Observations:
159496500 (Observed: 5/3/2023)
41194320 (Observed: 5/13/2019)
77872479 (Observed: 5/7/2021)
Images
One-flowered Broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
One-flowered Broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
One-flowered Broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
Oxalis dillenii (Slender Yellow Woodsorrel)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oxalidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slender Yellow Woodsorrel
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
iNaturalist Observations:
45210069 (Observed: 5/7/2020)
Oxalis stricta (Common Yellow Oxalis)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oxalidaceae
Notes
Common Names: Common Yellow Oxalis; Upright Yellow Woodsorrel
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Oxalis europaea Jord.Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2009; 2020-2022
Dispersed By: Animals
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
139265548 (Observed: 10/17/2022)
90194420 (Observed: 8/6/2021)
Images
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Common Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)
Oxalis violacea (Violet Woodsorrel)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Oxalidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Violet Woodsorrel
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Images
Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea)
Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea)
Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Papaveraceae
Notes
Common Name: Bloodroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
110758608 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
40669035 (Observed: 3/24/2020)
72469787 (Observed: 3/30/2021)
Images
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis): close-up of flower
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis): close-up of flower
Phytolacca americana (American Pokeweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Phytolaccaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Pokeweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012-2013; 2016-2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57735601 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
Plantago lanceolata (Narrowleaf Plantain)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Plantaginaceae
Notes
Common Name: Narrowleaf Plantain
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018; 2020-2021
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
82467975 (Observed: 6/10/2021)
Images
Narrowleaf Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
Plantago major (Common Plantain)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Plantaginaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Plantain
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Plantago rugelii (Blackseed Plantain)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Plantaginaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blackseed Plantain
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018
Images
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Blackseed Plantain (Plantago rugelii)
Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Platanaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Sycamore
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2010; 2013; 2017-2024
Dispersed By: Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
154742182 (Observed: 4/13/2023)
Images
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Polygala sanguinea (Purple Milkwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygalaceae
Notes
Common Name: Purple Milkwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Polygala verticillata (Whorled Milkwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygalaceae
Notes
Common Name: Whorled Milkwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Polygonum arifolium (Halberdleaf Tearthumb)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Halberdleaf Tearthumb
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Persicaria arifolia (L.) HaroldsYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
46771350 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
Images
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Halberdleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium)
Polygonum aviculare (Prostrate Knotweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Prostrate Knotweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; Deer; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57679572 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare): close up of flower
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare): close up of ligule
Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare): lower surface of leaf
Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum (Oriental Ladys Thumb)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Oriental Lady's Thumb
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Synonyms: Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) KitagYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2020
Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted
iNaturalist Observations:
61777636 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
58276284 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum)
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum)
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum)
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): inflorescence
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): inflorescence
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): close-up of ocra
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): close-up of flowers
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): inflorescence
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): lower surface of leaf
Oriental Lady's Thumb (Polygonum cespitosum): upper surface of leaf
Polygonum hydropiper (Marshpepper Knotweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Marshpepper Knotweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) OpizYears Noted: 2007; 2018; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
132859580 (Observed: 8/29/2022)
Polygonum lapathifolium (Curlytop Knotweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Curlytop Knotweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Polygonum pensylvanicum (Pennsylvania Smartweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pennsylvania Smartweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Allelopathic: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Polygonum perfoliatum (Mile-a-Minute Weed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Names: Mile-a-Minute Weed; Asiatic Tearthumb
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Synonyms: Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. GrossYears Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Asiatic Tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Polygonum persicaria (Spotted Ladysthumb)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spotted Ladysthumb
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Persicaria maculosa GrayYears Noted: 1971-1974; 2007; 2016-2020; 2023
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
58282910 (Observed: 9/1/2020)
Images
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Spotted Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Polygonum punctatum (Dotted Smartweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Dotted Smartweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2018; 2020
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
57734877 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
59002024 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Dotted Smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Polygonum sagittatum (Arrowleaf Tearthumb)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Arrowleaf Tearthumb
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017; 2019-2020; 2022-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
132861857 (Observed: 8/29/2022)
57731727 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
61156594 (Observed: 9/13/2019)
Images
Arrowleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Arrowleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Arrowleaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)
Polygonum scandens (Climbing False Buckwheat)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Climbing False Buckwheat
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Undetermined
Synonyms: Fallopia scandens (L.) HolubYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
136195551 (Observed: 9/23/2022)
61427982 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
Images
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): upper surface of leaf
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): underside of leaf
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of underside of leaf
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of fruit
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of fruit
Climbing False Buckwheat (Polygonum scandens): close-up of fruit
Polygonum virginianum (American Jumpseed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Jumpseed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ballistic
iNaturalist Observations:
95842007 (Observed: 9/21/2021)
41859349 (Observed: 4/10/2020)
Images
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum)
Rumex acetosella (Common Sheep Sorrel)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Sheep Sorrel
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Rumex crispus (Curly Dock)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Curly Dock
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2007; 2017-2019; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
120703016 (Observed: 6/6/2022)
Images
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
Rumex obtusifolius (Bitter Dock)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Polygonaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bitter Dock
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
120701277 (Observed: 6/7/2022)
Images
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
Claytonia virginica (Virginia Springbeauty)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Portulacaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Springbeauty
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2011; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
109168079 (Observed: 3/21/2022)
110758999 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
110759100 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
152736434 (Observed: 3/28/2023)
v152736434 (Observed: 3/28/2023)
72392723 (Observed: 3/29/2021)
40103070 (Observed: 3/16/2020)
67765344 (Observed: 1/8/2021)
Images
Virginia Springbeauty (Claytonia virginica)
Virginia Springbeauty (Claytonia virginica)
Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet Pimpernel)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Primulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Scarlet Pimpernel
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Lysimachia arvensisYears Noted: 2004; 2018; 2022
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Human Activities; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
122937282 (Observed: 6/21/2022)
Images
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
Lysimachia ciliata (Fringed Loosestrife)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Primulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fringed Loosestrife
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020
Bee Beneficial: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57690031 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
Lysimachia nummularia (Creeping Jenny)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Primulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Creeping Jenny
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020; 2022-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
106571774 (Observed: 2/11/2022)
45209027 (Observed: 5/7/2020)
50916193 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
Images
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia): close up of anthers
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia): close-up of flowers
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)
Lysimachia quadrifolia (Whorled Yellow Loosestrife)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Primulaceae
Notes
Common Name: Whorled Yellow Loosestrife
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Chimaphila maculata (Striped Princes Pine)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Pyrolaceae
Notes
Common Name: Striped Prince's Pine
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
42659982 (Observed: 6/3/2019)
73155996 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
56966071 (Observed: 8/19/2020)
13713618 (Observed: 6/23/2018)
Images
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata): close-up of fruits
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Striped Prince's Pine (Chimaphila maculata)
Chimaphila umbellata (Pipsissewa)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Pyrolaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pipsissewa
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2013
Pyrola americana (American Wintergreen)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Pyrolaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Wintergreen
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Pyrola rotundifolia auct. non L. p.pYears Noted: 1984; 2007
Pyrola elliptica (Waxflower Shinleaf)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Pyrolaceae
Notes
Common Name: Waxflower Shinleaf
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018
iNaturalist Observations:
164822415 (Observed: 5/31/2023)
Images
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Waxflower Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica)
Actaea racemosa (Black Cohosh)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Names: Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot; Black Baneberry
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) NuttYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
42202386 (Observed: 4/14/2020)
51629766 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
Images
Black Baneberry (Actaea racemosa)
Black Baneberry (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa): habit
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa): habit
Anemone quinquefolia (Wood Anemone)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wood Anemone
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
74196932 (Observed: 4/16/2021)
42260768 (Observed: 4/15/2020)
Images
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia): close-up of fruits
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia): close-up of leaf
Anemone virginiana (Tall Thimbleweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Thimbleweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Consolida ajacis (Rocket Larkspur)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Names: Rocket Larkspur; Doubtful Knight's-Spur
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
Dispersed By: Human Activities
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: Growing along the PECO right-of-way. Possibly planted as a dye plant, or brought in on someone's footwear.
iNaturalist Observations:
51609558 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
Images
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Rocket Larkspur (Consolida ajacis)
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (Roundlobe Hepatica)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Roundlobe Hepatica
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara; Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker GawlYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2022
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
104421436 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
41791706 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
73155084 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
Images
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Roundlobe Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Goldenseal
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Bats; Birds
Ranunculus abortivus (Littleleaf Buttercup)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Ranunculus bulbosus (Bulbous Buttercup)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Names: Bulbous Buttercup; St. Anthony's Turnip
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2017-2018; 2021
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
78561413 (Observed: 5/12/2021)
Images
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Bulbous Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Ranunculus ficaria (Lesser Celandine)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lesser Celandine
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2010-2011; 2015-2023
Dispersed By: Ants; Human Activities; Water
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
5639816 (Observed: 4/10/2017)
5641443 (Observed: 4/10/2017)
154172799 (Observed: 4/9/2023)
73240161 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
71844609 (Observed: 3/22/2021)
Images
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria)
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria): dominating a wet slope at the Gordon
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria)
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria): close-up of flower
Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria): close-up of anthers and stigmas
Ranunculus hispidus (Bristly Buttercup)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bristly Buttercup
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Ranunculus recurvatus (Blisterwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blisterwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2021
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
iNaturalist Observations:
77879013 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
Images
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Blisterwort (Ranunculus recurvatus)
Ranunculus sceleratus (Cursed Buttercup)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cursed Buttercup
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow-Rue)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Early Meadow-Rue
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Thalictrum pubescens (King Of The Meadow)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: King Of The Meadow
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2020; 2022-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
53784601 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
King Of The Meadow (Thalictrum pubescens)
Thalictrum thalictroides (Rue Anemone)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ranunculaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rue Anemone
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Anemonella thalictroides (L.) SpachYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2011; 2016-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
40996020 (Observed: 3/29/2020)
73156405 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
Images
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Rue Anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rhamnaceae
Notes
Common Name: New Jersey Tea
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1978; 1984
Agrimonia gryposepala (Tall Hairy Agrimony)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Hairy Agrimony
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2020; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
55848238 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Images
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala)
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala): upper surface of leaf
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala): inflorescence
Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala): close-up of flower
Agrimonia microcarpa (Smallfruit Agrimony)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smallfruit Agrimony
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009
Agrimonia parviflora (Harvestlice)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Harvestlice
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Agrimonia pubescens (Soft Agrimony)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Soft Agrimony
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Images
Soft Agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens)
Soft Agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens)
Soft Agrimony (Agrimonia pubescens)
Crataegus crus. galli (Cockspur Hawthorn)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cockspur Hawthorn
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington Hawthorn)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Washington Hawthorn
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2017-2018
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Duchesnea indica (Indian Strawberry)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Indian Strawberry
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2012; 2016-2024
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
45208513 (Observed: 5/7/2020)
Images
Indian Strawberry (Duchesnea indica)
Indian Strawberry (Duchesnea indica)
Fragaria virginiana (Virginia Strawberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Strawberry
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2011; 2013; 2016-2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Geum canadense (White Avens)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: White Avens
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
123847095 (Observed: 6/27/2022)
42062318 (Observed: 4/12/2020)
Images
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
White Avens (Geum canadense)
Malus baccata (Siberian Crabapple)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Siberian Crabapple
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2020; 2022
Notes: A couple of individuals noted in the meadow at the eastern end of the Gordon (Area G1M).
iNaturalist Observations:
158712429 (Observed: 5/1/2023)
62070483 (Observed: 10/8/2020)
Images
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): close-up of fruit
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata)
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata)
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): close-up of bark
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): upper surface of leaf
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): lower surface of leaf
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): fruits
Siberian Crabapple (Malus baccata): bases of pedicels
Malus pumila (Paradise Apple)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Paradise Apple
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
75468048 (Observed: 4/27/2021)
Images
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Paradise Apple (Malus pumila)
Photinia villosa (Oriental Photinia)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Names: Oriental Photinia; Christmas Berry
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Potentilla canadensis (Dwarf Cinquefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Dwarf Cinquefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Potentilla norvegica (Norwegian Cinquefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Norwegian Cinquefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Potentilla recta (Sulphur Cinquefoil)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sulphur Cinquefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Water
Potentilla simplex (Common Cinquefoil)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Cinquefoil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Prunus avium (Sweet Cherry)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweet Cherry
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory
iNaturalist Observations:
76696563 (Observed: 4/30/2021)
Images
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)
Prunus serotina (Black Cherry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Cherry
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1970; 1984; 1992; 2002; 2004-2005; 2007-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
156596126 (Observed: 4/25/2023)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Prunus subhirtella (Winter-flowering Cherry)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Names: Winter-flowering Cherry; Rosebud Cherry
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2011-2012; 2016-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
40669143 (Observed: 3/24/2020)
73236439 (Observed: 4/7/2021)
60652348 (Observed: 9/24/2020)
Images
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): the tree flowering in early Spring
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): the tree flowering in early Spring
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of stem
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of bud
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of pair of glands on petiole
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): upper surface of leaf
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): underside of leaf
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): : close-up of underside of leaf
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): close-up of edge of leaf and gland-tipped teeth (out of focus)
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): early Fall foliage
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): early Fall foliage
Winter-flowering Cherry (Prunus subhirtella): early Fall foliage
Pyrus calleryana (Callery Pear)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Callery Pear
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2022-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
110836677 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
Images
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
Rhodotypos scandens (Jetbead)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Jetbead
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2020; 2022-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
113170856 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
118573024 (Observed: 5/24/2022)
42202301 (Observed: 4/14/2020)
Images
Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)
Rosa multiflora (Multiflora Rose)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Multiflora Rose
Growth Habit: Vine, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Mammals (non-bat)
iNaturalist Observations:
163180145 (Observed: 5/22/2023)
5641633 (Observed: 4/10/2017)
57564933 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
Images
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): leaf
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): close-up of thorn
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): flowers
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): close-up of a flower
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): close-up of a flower
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora): underside of leaf
Rosa rubiginosa (Sweetbriar Rose)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweetbriar Rose
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Rosa wichuraiana (Memorial Rose)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Rubus allegheniensis (Allegheny Blackberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Allegheny Blackberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1971; 1984; 1999; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
79440208 (Observed: 5/19/2021)
57559248 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
Images
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): upper surface of leaf
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): lower surface of leaf
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): flower
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): close-up of flower
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): close-up of flower
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Rubus flagellaris (Northern Dewberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Northern Dewberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2018; 2021-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Mammals (non-bat)
iNaturalist Observations:
80289880 (Observed: 5/25/2021)
78642987 (Observed: 5/13/2021)
Images
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Raspberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer
iNaturalist Observations:
79199279 (Observed: 5/17/2021)
Images
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Rubus odoratus (Purpleflowering Raspberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Purpleflowering Raspberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Mammals (non-bat)
Rubus phoenicolasius (Wineberry)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Names: Wineberry; Wine Raspberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1965; 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer
iNaturalist Observations:
171467558 (Observed: 7/6/2023)
57569201 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
Images
Wine Raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
Wine Raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
Wine Raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
Rubus recurvicaulis (Arching Dewberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Arching Dewberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2009
Spiraea prunifolia (Bridalwreath Spirea)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rosaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bridalwreath Spirea
Growth Habit: Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
41775226 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
Images
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia): close-up of flower
Galium aparine (Stickywilly)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Stickywilly
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1975-1985; 1991; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
41856750 (Observed: 4/10/2020)
67764919 (Observed: 1/8/2021)
Images
Stickywilly (Galium aparine)
Stickywilly (Galium aparine)
Stickywilly (Galium aparine)
Galium asprellum (Rough Bedstraw)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rough Bedstraw
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Galium circaezans (Licorice Bedstraw)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Licorice Bedstraw
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2019; 2022
Dispersed By: Ants
Images
Licorice Bedstraw (Galium circaezans)
Licorice Bedstraw (Galium circaezans)
Galium lanceolatum (Lanceleaf Wild Licorice)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lanceleaf Wild Licorice
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017
Images
Lanceleaf Wild Licorice (Galium lanceolatum)
Galium mollugo (False Babys Breath)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Names: False Baby's Breath; Hedge Bedstraw
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
120700804 (Observed: 6/7/2022)
Images
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
False Baby's Breath (Galium mollugo)
Galium pilosum (Hairy Bedstraw)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hairy Bedstraw
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Galium tinctorium (Stiff Marsh Bedstraw)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Stiff Marsh Bedstraw
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Ballistic; General Zoochory; Water
Galium triflorum (Fragrant Bedstraw)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fragrant Bedstraw
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory
Images
Fragrant Bedstraw (Galium triflorum)
Fragrant Bedstraw (Galium triflorum)
Houstonia caerulea (Azure Bluet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Azure Bluet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Hedyotis caerulea (L.) HookYear Noted: 1984
Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rubiaceae
Notes
Common Name: Partridgeberry
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2020; 2023-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
13081795 (Observed: 6/3/2018)
174087342 (Observed: 7/20/2023)
Images
Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)
Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)
Phellodendron japonicum (Japanese Corktree)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Rutaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Corktree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Year Noted: 2018
Populus deltoides (Eastern Cottonwood)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Salicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Cottonwood
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2019-2023
Dispersed By: Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
83678275 (Observed: 6/18/2021)
26066113 (Observed: 5/30/2019)
Images
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): trunk
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): close-up of 'cotton'
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): close-up of 'cotton'
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): developing fruits
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): leaf underside
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides): close-up of the underside of a leaf
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth Aspen)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Salicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bigtooth Aspen
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Salix babylonica (Weeping Willow)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Salicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Weeping Willow
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
58991164 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
Salix nigra (Black Willow)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Salicaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Willow
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
Koelreuteria paniculata (Goldenrain Tree)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Sapindaceae
Notes
Common Name: Goldenrain Tree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."
Years Noted: 2016-2019; 2021-2022
Dispersed By: Dispersal Unassisted
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
83937535 (Observed: 6/21/2021)
Images
Goldenrain Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata)
Goldenrain Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata)
Chrysosplenium americanum (American Golden Saxifrage)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Saxifragaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Golden Saxifrage
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Heuchera americana (American Alumroot)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Saxifragaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Alumroot
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Saxifraga virginiensis (Early Saxifrage)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Saxifragaceae
Notes
Common Name: Early Saxifrage
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2008
Chelone glabra (White Turtlehead)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: White Turtlehead
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
135813491 (Observed: 9/20/2022)
Images
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
Linaria vulgaris (Butter and Eggs)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Butter and Eggs
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018; 2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Mimulus ringens (Allegheny Monkeyflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Allegheny Monkeyflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
174670651 (Observed: 7/21/2023)
88176580 (Observed: 7/22/2021)
53781737 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Allegheny Monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens)
Paulownia tomentosa (Princesstree)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Princesstree
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 1970; 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
74772120 (Observed: 4/21/2021)
50919387 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
Images
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): root sucker
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): close-up of leaf on root sucker
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): underside of leaf and fruits
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): close-up of fruit
Princesstree (Paulownia tomentosa): trunk
Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Beardtongue)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Names: Foxglove Beardtongue; Talus Slope Penstemon
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2020-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
81624319 (Observed: 6/4/2021)
59733784 (Observed: 9/15/2020)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Images
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): close-up of leaves and stem
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): upper surface of leaf
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): lower surface of leaf
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): close-up of base of infructescence
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): infructescence
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis): close-up of infructescence
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
Scrophularia marilandica (Carpenters Square)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Carpenter's Square
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Verbascum blattaria (Moth Mullein)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Moth Mullein
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2017; 2022
Dispersed By: Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
121748358 (Observed: 6/14/2022)
Images
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)
Verbascum thapsus (Common Mullein)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Mullein
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
38831475 (Observed: 1/31/2020)
Veronica americana (American Speedwell)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Speedwell
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Veronica arvensis (Corn Speedwell)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Corn Speedwell
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
167035345 (Observed: 6/12/2023)
Veronica hederifolia (Ivyleaf Speedwell)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Ivyleaf Speedwell
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2021; 2023-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
203092907 (Observed: 3/18/2024)
72389660 (Observed: 3/29/2021)
Images
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)
Veronica officinalis (Common Gypsyweed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Gypsyweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Veronica peregrina (Neckweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Neckweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Veronica persica (Birdeye Speedwell)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Birdeye Speedwell
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2021
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
77248772 (Observed: 5/3/2021)
Images
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Birdeye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Veronica serpyllifolia (Thymeleaf Speedwell)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Thymeleaf Speedwell
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Undetermined
Years Noted: 2017-2018; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; Deer; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
115343363 (Observed: 5/3/2022)
Images
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Thymeleaf Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)
Veronicastrum virginicum (Culvers Root)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Notes
Common Name: Culver's Root
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a); Monarch Nectar Value: High (NRCS 2018b)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018b. Native Habitat Development for Pollinators, Honey Bees and Monarchs. Biology Jobsheet #16. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 6 pp.
Ailanthus altissima (Tree Of Heaven)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Simaroubaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tree Of Heaven
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2010; 2013-2014; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Tree Of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima): seedling
Tree Of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima): emerging leaves
Physalis heterophylla (Clammy Groundcherry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Solanaceae
Notes
Common Name: Clammy Groundcherry
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007
Physalis longifolia (Longleaf Groundcherry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Solanaceae
Notes
Common Name: Longleaf Groundcherry
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Physalis subglabrata Mack. & BushYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2018
Solanum carolinense (Carolina Horsenettle)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Solanaceae
Notes
Common Name: Carolina Horsenettle
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2018-2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
iNaturalist Observations:
128032747 (Observed: 7/26/2022)
84999537 (Observed: 6/25/2021)
32184107 (Observed: 9/5/2019)
52497570 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
61428881 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
Images
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Solanum dulcamara (Climbing Nightshade)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Solanaceae
Notes
Common Names: Climbing Nightshade; Bittersweet Nightshade
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Mammals (non-bat); Water
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
126376982 (Observed: 7/15/2022)
Images
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Climbing Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Solanum nigrum (Black Nightshade)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Solanaceae
Notes
Common Name: Black Nightshade
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)
Staphylea trifolia (American Bladdernut)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Staphyleaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Bladdernut
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
American Bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia)
Tilia americana (American Basswood)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Tiliaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Basswood
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2009; 2013; 2016-2020; 2023-2024
Dispersed By: Animals; Mammals (non-bat); Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
61781757 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
104421432 (Observed: 10/16/2021)
157253485 (Observed: 4/28/2023)
46770008 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
Images
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
American Basswood (Tilia americana): close-up of bud and leaf scar
American Basswood (Tilia americana): close-up of bud and leaf scar
American Basswood (Tilia americana)
Celtis occidentalis (Common Hackberry)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ulmaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Hackberry
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018-2020; 2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
159639872 (Observed: 5/3/2023)
Images
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): close-up of underside of leaf
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): close-up of upper surface of leaf
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): close-up of fruit
Ulmus pumila (Siberian Elm)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ulmaceae
Notes
Common Name: Siberian Elm
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Watch List — "Exotic plant species that are severe problems in surrounding states but have not been widely reported in Pennsylvania, OR may naturalize and become a problem in the future and require more monitoring."
Years Noted: 1990; 2020-2022
Dispersed By: Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
183748168 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
46527782 (Observed: 5/18/2020)
Images
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)
Ulmus rubra (Slippery Elm)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Ulmaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slippery Elm
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2013-2014; 2017-2022
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
Boehmeria cylindrica (Smallspike False Nettle)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Urticaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smallspike False Nettle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
136842896 (Observed: 9/28/2022)
Images
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Smallspike False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Laportea canadensis (Canadian Woodnettle)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Urticaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Woodnettle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2014; 2017-2020; 2022-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
55849615 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
59369264 (Observed: 9/12/2020)
Images
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Canadian Woodnettle (Laportea canadensis)
Pilea fontana (Lesser Clearweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Urticaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lesser Clearweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
137052105 (Observed: 9/30/2022)
Images
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Lesser Clearweed (Pilea fontana)
Pilea pumila (Canadian Clearweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Urticaceae
Notes
Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Urticaceae
Notes
Common Name: Stinging Nettle
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Undetermined
Years Noted: 2017; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
136842229 (Observed: 9/28/2022)
Images
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Phryma leptostachya (American Lopseed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Verbenaceae
Notes
Common Name: American Lopseed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
53099990 (Observed: 7/14/2020)
Images
American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)
American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)
American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)
Verbena hastata (Swamp Verbena)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Verbenaceae
Notes
Common Name: Swamp Verbena
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2022-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Monarch Butterfly Value: High (NRCS 2018a)
Also Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Galea et. al 2015
iNaturalist Observations:
132030336 (Observed: 8/23/2022)
Monarch Butterfly References
Galea, M., E. Cole, L. Davies Adams, and L. Stritch (eds). 2015. Conservation and Management of Monarch Butterflies A Land Manager’s Restoration Guide for the Eastern U.S. Pollinator Partnership and USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. 27 pp.
Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS] (ed). 2018a. Important Plants of the Monarch Butterfly. Greater Appalachian Mountains Region Staff Guide. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 132 pp.
Images
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Swamp Verbena (Verbena hastata)
Verbena urticifolia (White Vervain)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Verbenaceae
Notes
Common Name: White Vervain
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
57722727 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia)
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia)
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of fruits
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of stem
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of leaf bases
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): upper surface of leaf
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): under surface of leaf
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of under surface of leaf
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of inflorescence
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia): close-up of flower
Viola affinis (Sand Violet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Violaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sand Violet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Viola cucullata (Marsh Blue Violet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Violaceae
Notes
Common Name: Marsh Blue Violet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2018; 2021
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
77510343 (Observed: 5/5/2021)
Images
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata): inflorescence
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata): inflorescence
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata): inflorescence
Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata)
Viola hirsutula (Southern Woodland Violet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Violaceae
Notes
Common Name: Southern Woodland Violet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017
Images
Southern Woodland Violet (Viola hirsutula)
Viola labradorica (Alpine Violet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Violaceae
Notes
Common Name: Alpine Violet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Viola conspersa RchbYears Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017
Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula (Downy Yellow Violet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Violaceae
Notes
Common Name: Downy Yellow Violet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Viola pensylvanica MichxYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
42279452 (Observed: 4/15/2020)
Images
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula)
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): fruit
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula)
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): upper surface of leaf
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): lower surface of leaf
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): close-up of lower surface of leaf
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): inflorescence
Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula): close-up of inflorescence
Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Violaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Blue Violet
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
Listed As a Monarch Butterfly Plant In: Illinois Wildflowers
iNaturalist Observations:
41792778 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
74678888 (Observed: 4/19/2021)
Monarch Butterfly References
Illinois Wildflowers. 2022. Page for Danaus plexipes. Data Downloaded 8/17/22: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/insects/moths/danaus_plexippus.htm.
Images
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia)
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): inflorescence
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): underside of leaf
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): inflorescence
Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia): upper surface of leaf
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Amur Peppervine)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Vitaceae
Notes
Common Names: Amur Peppervine; Porcelainberry
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Synonyms: Ampelopsis glandulosa (as per iNaturalist)Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
93388288 (Observed: 9/2/2021)
52514950 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
57730697 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Amur Peppervine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Vitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Virginia Creeper
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1970-1971; 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)
Deer Resistant: Yes
Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston Ivy)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Vitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Boston Ivy
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)
iNaturalist Observations:
46429823 (Observed: 5/18/2020)
Images
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Boston Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)
Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Vitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Summer Grape
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Vitis labrusca (Fox Grape)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Vitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fox Grape
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018; 2020
Vitis vulpina (Frost Grape)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Dicots
Family: Vitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Frost Grape
Growth Habit: Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018
Images
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Frost Grape (Vitis vulpina)
Sagittaria australis (Longbeak Arrowhead)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Alismataceae
Notes
Common Name: Longbeak Arrowhead
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2020; 2022
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
58990963 (Observed: 9/8/2020)
Images
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): being 'visited' by an Eastern Calligrapher (Toxomerus geminatus)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis)
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): infructescence. Note the 'boat-shaped' bracts beneath the upppermost group of fruits
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): close-up of fruit. Note the straight 'necks' on the achenes
Longbeak Arrowhead (Sagittaria australis): close-up of fruit. Note the straight 'necks' on the achenes
Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf Arrowhead)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Alismataceae
Notes
Common Name: Broadleaf Arrowhead
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017; 2020-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Bee Beneficial: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
88379744 (Observed: 7/23/2021)
59565912 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia): being 'visited' by an Eastern Calligrapher (Toxomerus geminatus)
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Arisaema triphyllum (Jack In The Pulpit)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Araceae
Notes
Common Name: Jack In The Pulpit
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011-2013; 2015-2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
113170734 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
113170794 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
113170819 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
113170942 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
75468483 (Observed: 4/27/2021)
74365537 (Observed: 4/17/2021)
57723128 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Jack In The Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum): close-up of fruits
Arum italicum (Italian Lords And Ladies)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Araceae
Notes
Common Name: Italian Lords And Ladies
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2019; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
79203435 (Observed: 5/17/2021)
68068967 (Observed: 1/14/2021)
Images
Italian Lords And Ladies (Arum italicum)
Italian Lords And Ladies (Arum italicum)
Italian Lords And Ladies (Arum italicum)
Symplocarpus foetidus (Skunk Cabbage)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Araceae
Notes
Common Name: Skunk Cabbage
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2013; 2015-2024
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
174975812 (Observed: 7/25/2023)
110758737 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
135114183 (Observed: 9/14/2022)
106748107 (Observed: 2/11/2022)
79279575 (Observed: 5/18/2021)
70519114 (Observed: 3/3/2021)
70339772 (Observed: 2/28/2021)
Images
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Commelina communis (Asiatic Dayflower)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Commelinaceae
Notes
Common Name: Asiatic Dayflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
90816063 (Observed: 8/6/2021)
88868178 (Observed: 7/27/2021)
55824718 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Images
Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)
Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)
Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis)
Carex aggregata (Glomerate Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Glomerate Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
124152459 (Observed: 6/27/2022)
Images
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Glomerate Sedge (Carex aggregata)
Carex albicans (Whitetinge Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Whitetinge Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Carex amphibola (Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018
iNaturalist Observations:
123115991 (Observed: 6/4/2017)
57817597 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge (Carex amphibola)
Carex annectens (Yellowfruit Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Yellowfruit Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Carex blanda (Eastern Woodland Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Woodland Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2019; 2022-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
160725249 (Observed: 5/8/2023)
119781632 (Observed: 6/1/2022)
57817019 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda)
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda)
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda): close-up of inflorescence
Eastern Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda): close-up of leaf and inflorescence
Carex bromoides (Brome-like Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Brome-like Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Carex caroliniana (Carolina Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Carolina Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Carex cephalophora (Oval-leaf Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Oval-leaf Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Images
Oval-leaf Sedge (Carex cephalophora)
Oval-leaf Sedge (Carex cephalophora)
Carex davisii (Davis Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Davis' Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2022
iNaturalist Observations:
122943847 (Observed: 6/17/2022)
Images
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): habit
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): close-up of stem
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): close-up of sheath
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): inflorescence
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): inflorescence
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): inflorescence
Davis' Sedge (Carex davisii): close-up of inflorescence
Carex debilis (Weak Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Names: Weak Sedge; White Edge Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Carex digitalis (Slender Woodland Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slender Woodland Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018
Carex frankii (Franks Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Frank's Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Carex glaucodea (Blue Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blue Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Carex gracilescens (Slender Looseflower Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slender Looseflower Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Carex gracillima (Graceful Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Graceful Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Carex hirsutella (Fuzzy Wuzzy Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fuzzy Wuzzy Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Carex hirtifolia (Pubescent Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pubescent Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2019
iNaturalist Observations:
57798369 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia)
Carex laevivaginata (Smoothsheath Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smoothsheath Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Carex laxiculmis (Spreading Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Spreading Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018
Dispersed By: Ants
Images
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Spreading Sedge (Carex laxiculmis)
Carex laxiflora (Broad Looseflower Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broad Looseflower Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018; 2021-2022
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
77735574 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
Carex lurida (Shallow Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Shallow Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2022
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
80280451 (Observed: 5/25/2021)
50923451 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
57578260 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida): female spike
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida): close-up of male spike
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Shallow Sedge (Carex lurida)
Carex mesochorea (Midland Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Midland Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Carex normalis (Greater Straw Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Greater Straw Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2018
Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Pennsylvania Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
77735084 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
Images
Pennsylvania Sedge (Carex pensylvanica)
Pennsylvania Sedge (Carex pensylvanica)
Carex prasina (Drooping Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Drooping Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Carex radiata (Eastern Star Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Star Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
78293534 (Observed: 5/10/2021)
Images
Eastern Star Sedge (Carex radiata)
Eastern Star Sedge (Carex radiata)
Carex rosea (Rosy Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rosy Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Images
Rosy Sedge (Carex rosea)
Rosy Sedge (Carex rosea)
Carex scoparia (Broom Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broom Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
120709052 (Observed: 6/6/2022)
Images
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Broom Sedge (Carex scoparia)
Carex sparganioides (Bur-reed Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bur-reed Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Carex spicata (Prickly Sedge)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Prickly Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
Carex stipata (Awl-fruited Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Names: Awl-fruited Sedge; Prickly Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2019
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57575137 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata)
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata): close-up of inflorescence
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata): close-up of inflorescence
Awl-fruited Sedge (Carex stipata): close-up of inflorescence
Carex striatula (Lined Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lined Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Ants
Carex stricta (Tussock Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Names: Tussock Sedge; Upright Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
78280209 (Observed: 5/10/2021)
Images
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Upright Sedge (Carex stricta)
Carex swanii (Swans Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Swan's Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018
Images
Swan's Sedge (Carex swanii)
Swan's Sedge (Carex swanii)
Carex tribuloides (Blunt Broom Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blunt Broom Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018; 2021
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
123124229 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
Images
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Blunt Broom Sedge (Carex tribuloides)
Carex vulpinoidea (Fox Sedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fox Sedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2016-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Fox Sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)
Fox Sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)
Cyperus esculentus (Yellow Nutsedge)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Yellow Nutsedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Undetermined
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water
Cyperus squarrosus (Bearded Flatsedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bearded Flatsedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Cyperus strigosus (Straw-colored Flatsedge)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Straw-colored Flatsedge
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018-2021; 2023
iNaturalist Observations:
88867085 (Observed: 7/27/2021)
32184310 (Observed: 9/5/2019)
32184765 (Observed: 9/5/2019)
57180465 (Observed: 8/20/2020)
Images
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus)
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus)
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus): close-up of inflorescence
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus): close-up of inflorescence
Straw-colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus): close-up of flowers
Eleocharis erythropoda (Bald Spikerush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bald Spikerush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Eleocharis obtusa (Blunt Spikerush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blunt Spikerush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2021-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
83942063 (Observed: 6/21/2021)
95090726 (Observed: 9/16/2021)
Images
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa)
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa): inflorescence
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa): close-up of a mature achene
Blunt Spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa)): close-up of an immature achene
Eleocharis tenuis (Slender Spikerush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slender Spikerush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017; 2019-2021
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
78296168 (Observed: 5/10/2021)
45921487 (Observed: 5/14/2020)
Images
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis): close-up of fruiting head
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis)
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis)
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis): close-up of inflorescence
Slender Spikerush (Eleocharis tenuis): close-up of inflorescence
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Softstem Bulrush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Softstem Bulrush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2018; 2021-2023
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani): close-up of a spikelet
Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani): close-up of a older spikelet with a developing achene at the bottom of the spikelet
Scirpus cyperinus (Woolgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Woolgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017; 2019-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
95091542 (Observed: 9/16/2021)
88308016 (Observed: 7/23/2021)
53842687 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus)
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus)
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus): young inflorescence
Scirpus georgianus (Georgia Bulrush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Georgia Bulrush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016; 2018; 2020-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
83181958 (Observed: 6/14/2021)
52796987 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Images
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Georgia Bulrush (Scirpus georgianus)
Scirpus pendulus (Rufous Bulrush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rufous Bulrush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
iNaturalist Observations:
83942320 (Observed: 6/21/2021)
Scirpus polyphyllus (Leafy Bulrush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Cyperaceae
Notes
Common Name: Leafy Bulrush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wild Yam
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2020
iNaturalist Observations:
57564559 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
Images
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): fruits in the winter
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): fruits in the winter
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa)
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): leaf upper surface
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): close-up of leaf base
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): leaf lower surface
Elodea nuttallii (Canadian Waterweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Hydrocharitaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canadian Waterweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1983-1984
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory
Sisyrinchium angustifolium (Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Iridaceae
Notes
Common Name: Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
118453617 (Observed: 5/23/2022)
79577436 (Observed: 5/20/2021)
Images
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium)
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium): close-up of flower
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium): close-up of flower
Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium): habit
Juncus effusus (Common Rush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Juncaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Rush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2024
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
119771697 (Observed: 6/1/2022)
52517392 (Observed: 7/9/2020)
Images
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Common Rush (Juncus effusus)
Juncus secundus (Lopsided Rush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Juncaceae
Notes
Common Name: Lopsided Rush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Juncus tenuis (Poverty Rush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Juncaceae
Notes
Common Names: Poverty Rush; Slender Path Rush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2020; 2022-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
53833288 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Poverty Rush (Juncus tenuis)
Luzula echinata (Hedgehog Woodrush)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Juncaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hedgehog Woodrush
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
41191803 (Observed: 4/26/2019)
Lemna minor (Common Duckweed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Lemnaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Duckweed
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2024
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; General Zoochory; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
144416880 (Observed: 12/14/2022)
57797142 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
70520144 (Observed: 3/3/2021)
Images
Common Duckweed (Lemna minor)
Common Duckweed (Lemna minor)
Common Duckweed (Lemna minor): underside of leaf
Allium tricoccum (Ramp)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Ramp
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2011; 2017-2023
Dispersed By: Birds
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
72392176 (Observed: 3/29/2021)
56962639 (Observed: 8/19/2020)
Images
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum): close-up of infructescence
Ramp (Allium tricoccum): close-up of fruit
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)): close-up of inflorescence
Ramp (Allium tricoccum)): close-up of flower
Allium vineale (Wild Garlic)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Names: Wild Garlic; Field Garlic
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967; 1969-2000; 2004; 2007-2009; 2011-2012; 2016-2024
Dispersed By: Water
iNaturalist Observations:
162176629 (Observed: 5/2/2023)
83175998 (Observed: 6/15/2021)
50915486 (Observed: 6/25/2020)
61938763 (Observed: 10/6/2020)
Images
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Asparagus officinalis (Garden Asparagus)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Garden Asparagus
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
Erythronium americanum (Yellow Trout Lily)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Yellow Trout Lily
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
110758895 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
110758938 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
110759126 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
152650599 (Observed: 3/28/2023)
41792128 (Observed: 4/9/2020)
74678582 (Observed: 4/19/2021)
72773411 (Observed: 4/2/2021)
Images
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
Galanthus nivalis (Common Snowdrop)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Snowdrop
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2022-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
107836720 (Observed: 3/3/2022)
Images
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Hemerocallis fulva (Orange Daylily)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Orange Daylily
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017; 2021-2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities
iNaturalist Observations:
73146646 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
Images
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva)
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva)
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva): flower
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva): floral buds
Orange Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva): close-up of flower
Hosta ventricosa (Blue Plantain Lily)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Blue Plantain Lily
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Images
Blue Plantain Lily (Hosta ventricosa)
Blue Plantain Lily (Hosta ventricosa)
Hypoxis hirsuta (Common Goldstar)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Goldstar
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Lilium canadense (Canada Lily)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canada Lily
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018
Images
Canada Lily (Lilium canadense)
Liriope muscari (Big Blue Lilyturf)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Big Blue Lilyturf
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2017-2018
Allelopathic: Yes
Maianthemum racemosum (False Solomons Seal)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Names: False Solomon's Seal; Feathery False Lily Of The Valley; Solomon's Plume
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Smilacina racemosa (L.) DesfYears Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2016-2018; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
113171025 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
113171180 (Observed: 4/27/2022)
92392495 (Observed: 8/24/2021)
79315897 (Observed: 5/13/2021)
Images
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum)
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum)
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): fruits
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): fruits
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): close-up of fruits
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): habit
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): inflorescence
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): close-up of inflorescence
Feathery False Lily Of The Valley (Maianthemum racemosum): close-up of flower
Medeola virginiana (Indian Cucumber)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Indian Cucumber
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2018
Muscari botryoides (Common Grape Hyacinth)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Grape Hyacinth
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2017; 2019; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory)
Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Daffodil)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Daffodil
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2016-2024
iNaturalist Observations:
107765501 (Observed: 3/1/2022)
40103348 (Observed: 3/16/2020)
73240323 (Observed: 4/6/2021)
Images
Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)
Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)
Ornithogalum umbellatum (Garden Star-of-Bethlehem)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Names: Garden Star-of-Bethlehem; Sleepydick
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007-2008; 2017-2019
Dispersed By: Ants
Images
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)): close-up of flower
Garden Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum): close-up of developing fruits
Polygonatum biflorum (Smooth Solomons Seal)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smooth Solomon's Seal
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Smooth Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum)
Polygonatum pubescens (Hairy Solomons Seal)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hairy Solomon's Seal
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018; 2021-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
131882277 (Observed: 5/6/2022)
77670073 (Observed: 5/6/2021)
74365751 (Observed: 4/17/2021)
Images
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Hairy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
Scilla siberica (Siberian Squill)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Siberian Squill
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2008; 2022-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
110759030 (Observed: 4/8/2022)
111224212 (Observed: 4/12/2022)
Images
Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)
Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)
Siberian Squill (Scilla siberica)
Trillium cernuum (Nodding Trillium)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Names: Nodding Trillium; Whip-Poor-Will Flower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
69818589 (Observed: 5/9/2018)
41857011 (Observed: 4/10/2020)
Images
Whip-Poor-Will Flower (Trillium cernuum)
Whip-Poor-Will Flower (Trillium cernuum)
Whip-Poor-Will Flower (Trillium cernuum)
Uvularia perfoliata (Perfoliate Bellwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Perfoliate Bellwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Ants
iNaturalist Observations:
81415626 (Observed: 6/2/2021)
Images
Perfoliate Bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata)
Uvularia sessilifolia (Sessileleaf Bellwort)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sessileleaf Bellwort
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2016-2020; 2022
Dispersed By: Ants
Veratrum viride (Cornhusk Lily)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Liliaceae
Notes
Common Names: Cornhusk Lily; Indian Poke; Green False Hellebore
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2018; 2020-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
iNaturalist Observations:
42226870 (Observed: 4/14/2020)
77491995 (Observed: 5/5/2021)
Images
Indian Poke (Veratrum viride)
Indian Poke (Veratrum viride)
Epipactis helleborine (Broadleaf Helleborine)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broadleaf Helleborine
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016-2019; 2021
Dispersed By: Water; Wind
iNaturalist Observations:
13241196 (Observed: 6/8/2018)
Images
Broadleaf Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine)
Galearis spectabilis (Showy Orchis)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Showy Orchis
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
86315227 (Observed: 6/24/2021)
77434174 (Observed: 5/4/2021)
45017132 (Observed: 5/5/2020)
Images
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
Platanthera flava var. herbiola (Palegreen Orchid)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Palegreen Orchid
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Platanthera lacera (Green Fringed Orchid)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Green Fringed Orchid
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2018
Spiranthes cernua (Nodding Ladys Tresses)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Nodding Lady's Tresses
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 1984
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (Northern Slender Ladys Tresses)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Northern Slender Lady's Tresses
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Tipularia discolor (Crippled Cranefly Orchid)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Orchidaceae
Notes
Common Name: Crippled Cranefly Orchid
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2008; 2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Gravity
Notes: Various 'occurrences' of this species have been noted in the Gordon, but the locations weren't recorded. Currently, a single occurrence is known.
iNaturalist Observations:
88868904 (Observed: 7/27/2021)
69810933 (Observed: 8/11/2017)
39887673 (Observed: 3/12/2020)
Images
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Crippled Cranefly (Tipularia discolor)
Agrostis altissima (Tall Bentgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Bentgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Agrostis gigantea (Redtop)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Redtop
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Agrostis hyemalis (Winter Bentgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Winter Bentgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2000
Agrostis perennans (Upland Bentgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Upland Bentgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Agrostis altissima (Walter) Tuck.Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow Foxtail)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Meadow Foxtail
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Big Bluestem
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Andropogon gyrans (Elliotts Bluestem)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Elliott's Bluestem
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Andropogon virginicus (Broomsedge Bluestem)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broomsedge Bluestem
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Allelopathic: Yes
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernalgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweet Vernalgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2019
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57573337 (Observed: 5/20/2019)
Images
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of leaf sheath
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of ligule
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): inflorescence
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): young inflorescence
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of inflorescence
Sweet Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum): close-up of inflorescence
Arthraxon hispidus (Small Carpetgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Small Carpetgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Year Noted: 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
127127656 (Observed: 7/20/2022)
Images
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Small Carpetgrass (Arthraxon hispidus)
Brachyelytrum erectum (Bearded Shorthusk)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bearded Shorthusk
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016-2018
Allelopathic: Yes
Bromus inermis (Smooth Brome)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smooth Brome
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Ants; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Bromus racemosus (Bald Brome)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bald Brome
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Bromus commutatus SchradYears Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Bromus sterilis (Poverty Brome)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Poverty Brome
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
Bromus tectorum (Cheatgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cheatgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Wind
Calamagrostis perplexa (Wood Reedgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Wood Reedgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2009; 2011
Cinna arundinacea (Sweet Woodreed)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Sweet Woodreed
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2012; 2017-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bermudagrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Dispersal Unassisted; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Dactylis glomerata (Orchardgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Orchardgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oatgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Poverty Oatgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Tapered Rosette Grass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tapered Rosette Grass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Panicum acuminatum Sw.Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Dichanthelium boscii (Boscs Panicgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Bosc's Panicgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Ants
Images
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Bosc's Panicgrass (Dichanthelium boscii)
Dichanthelium clandestinum (Deertongue)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Deertongue
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Panicum clandestinum L.Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018
Dichanthelium dichotomum (Cypress Panicgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cypress Panicgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Panicum dichotomum L.Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Dichanthelium latifolium (Broadleaf Rosette Grass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broadleaf Rosette Grass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
131886796 (Observed: 8/19/2022)
Images
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Broadleaf Rosette Grass (Dichanthelium latifolium)
Digitaria ciliaris (Southern Crabgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Southern Crabgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2018; 2020
Notes: To date: a single occurrence noted. Growing along the PECO right-of-way.
iNaturalist Observations:
57680790 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris)
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris)
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of inflorescence
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of inflorescence
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of inflorescence
Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris): close-up of ligule
Digitaria ischaemum (Smooth Crabgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smooth Crabgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat)
Digitaria sanguinalis (Hairy Crabgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Hairy Crabgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Mammals (non-bat); Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Echinochloa crus—galli (Barnyardgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Barnyardgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018; 2020-2021; 2023
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
179144484 (Observed: 8/18/2023)
95089499 (Observed: 9/16/2021)
55823968 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Images
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli): close-up of inflorescence
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli): close-up of inflorescence
Eleusine indica (Indian Goosegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Indian Goosegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Water
Allelopathic: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
57677231 (Observed: 8/26/2020)
Images
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica): close-up of inflorescence
Indian Goosegrass (Eleusine indica): close-up of ligule
Elymus glabriflorus (Southeastern Wildrye)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Southeastern Wildrye
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration:
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Elymus repens (Quackgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Quackgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex NevskiYears Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Animals (Accidental); Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Eragrostis minor (Little Lovegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Little Lovegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities
Eragrostis pectinacea (Tufted Lovegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tufted Lovegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Wind
Eragrostis spectabilis (Purple Lovegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Purple Lovegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Festuca rubra (Red Fescue)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Red Fescue
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Festuca subverticillata (Nodding Fescue)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Nodding Fescue
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Festuca obtusa BiehlerYears Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
iNaturalist Observations:
46965011 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
Glyceria striata (Fowl Mannagrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fowl Mannagrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; Water
Holcus lanatus (Common Velvetgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Common Velvetgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Hordeum jubatum (Squirreltail)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Squirreltail
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2020; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
53779199 (Observed: 7/20/2020)
Images
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum)
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum): inflorescence
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum): inflorescence
Squirreltail (Hordeum jubatum): close-up of inflorescence
Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rice Cutgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018-2019
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
39927781 (Observed: 9/11/2019)
Images
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)
Leersia virginica (Whitegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Whitegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2011; 2017-2018
Images
Whitegrass (Leersia virginica)
Whitegrass (Leersia virginica)
Whitegrass (Leersia virginica)
Leptochloa fusca (Malabar Sprangletop)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Malabar Sprangletop
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual, Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Wind
Lolium perenne (Perennial Ryegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Perennial Ryegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial, Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2004
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Microstegium vimineum (Japanese Stiltgrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Stiltgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Years Noted: 1994; 1996; 2000; 2004-2005; 2007; 2009; 2011-2014; 2016-2023
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
183748157 (Observed: 8/31/2023)
50584039 (Observed: 6/22/2020)
58656024 (Observed: 9/4/2020)
Images
Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) dominating an edge habitat in the Gordon
Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum)
Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum)
Miscanthus sinensis (Chinese Silvergrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Chinese Silvergrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Years Noted: 2016; 2018-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
Notes: An invasive species. A single clump noted in the meadow below the Route 202 ramp at the eastern edge of the GNA.
iNaturalist Observations:
179865041 (Observed: 8/23/2023)
32580277 (Observed: 9/11/2019)
42665114 (Observed: 12/8/2016)
Images
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis)
Muhlenbergia schreberi (Nimblewill)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Nimblewill
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Slimflower Muhly)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slimflower Muhly
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Panicum anceps (Beaked Panicgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Beaked Panicgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
55847232 (Observed: 8/8/2020)
Images
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps): close-up of inflorescence
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps): close-up of inflorescence
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps): close-up of inflorescence
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps)
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps)
Beaked Panicgrass (Panicum anceps)
Panicum dichotomiflorum (Fall Panicgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Fall Panicgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Human Activities
Images
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Fall Panicgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Panicum gattingeri (Gattingers Panicgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Gattinger's Panicgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Panicum philadelphicum (Philadelphia Panicgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Philadelphia Panicgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Switchgrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Deer Resistant: Yes
Paspalum laeve (Field Paspalum)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Field Paspalum
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Paspalum setaceum (Thin Paspalum)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Thin Paspalum
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018
Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canarygrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Reed Canarygrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018; 2022-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: FACW
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
120698224 (Observed: 6/7/2022)
Images
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Phleum pratense (Timothy)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Timothy
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Phragmites australis ssp. australis (European Common Reed)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: European Common Reed
Growth Habit: Graminoid, Shrub, Subshrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 1 — "Severe Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation. Includes species that are or could become widespread in Pennsylvania."
Year Noted: 2020-2023
Notes: At this time, a single population known for the Gordon: growing in the weedy area between the forest edge and the Grounds Department 'Organic Materials Processing Area.'
iNaturalist Observations:
53102164 (Observed: 7/14/2020)
Images
Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): close-up of the sheath
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): close-up of the ligule
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): remains of the prior year's infructescence
Common Reed (Phragmites australis): remains of the prior year's infructescence
Phyllostachys aureosulcata (Yellow Groove Bamboo)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Yellow Groove Bamboo
Growth Habit: Shrub, Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Year Noted: 2022-2023
iNaturalist Observations:
141707659 (Observed: 11/11/2022)
Images
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): habit
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of leaf bases
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of node
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of yellow 'stripe' on the culm
Yellow Grove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata): close-up of yellow 'groove' on the culm
Phyllostachys bambusoides (Japanese Timber Bamboo)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Timber Bamboo
Growth Habit: Graminoid, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2008; 2016-2023
Images
Japanese Timber Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
Japanese Timber Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
Japanese Timber Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
Poa alsodes (Grove Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Grove Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer
Poa annua (Annual Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Annual Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007-2008; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Ants; Bats; Birds; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water; Wind
Poa autumnalis (Autumn Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Autumn Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2016; 2018
Poa compressa (Canada Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Canada Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Poa pratensis (Kentucky Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Kentucky Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Poa sylvestris (Woodland Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Woodland Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2018
Poa trivialis (Rough Bluegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Rough Bluegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 2 — "Significant Threat. Exotic plant species that possess characteristics of invasive species but are not presently considered to spread as easily and aggressively into native plant communities as those species listed as Rank 1."
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018; 2020
Dispersed By: Agricultural Practices; Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
iNaturalist Observations:
51618863 (Observed: 7/1/2020)
57581008 (Observed: 5/16/2019)
Images
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
Puccinellia distans (Weeping Alkaligrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Weeping Alkaligrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Undetermined
Year Noted: 2017-2018
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Animals; Deer; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Tall Fescue)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Tall Fescue
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Pennsylvania DCNR Invasive Plants Rating: Rank 3 — "Lesser Threat. Exotic plant species that spread in or near disturbed areas, and are not presently considered a major threat to undisturbed native plant communities."
Synonyms: Festuca elatior L. ssp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Hack.Years Noted: 2007; 2017-2018
Allelopathic: Yes
Schedonorus pratensis (Meadow Fescue)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Meadow Fescue
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Festuca elatior L.Year Noted: 2004
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water; Wind
Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Little Bluestem
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2007
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Setaria faberi (Japanese Bristlegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Bristlegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1967-2000; 2004; 2007-2008; 2017-2018
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory
Allelopathic: Yes
Images
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Japanese Bristlegrass (Setaria faberi)
Setaria parviflora (Marsh Bristlegrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Marsh Bristlegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Synonyms: Setaria geniculata (Wild.) P. BeauvYears Noted: 2004; 2018
Setaria pumila (Yellow Foxtail)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Yellow Foxtail
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2020
Dispersed By: Animals; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Water
iNaturalist Observations:
57181754 (Observed: 8/20/2020)
Images
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila)
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): inflorescence
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): close-up of the inflorescence
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): inflorescence
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila): close-up of the inflorescence with condensation
Setaria viridis (Green Bristlegrass)
Group: Plants
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Green Bristlegrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Annual
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Year Noted: 2018
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; General Zoochory; Human Activities; Rain (Assisted, i.e., ombrochory); Water
Allelopathic: Yes
Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Indiangrass
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2016; 2018-2023
Bee Beneficial: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
137416160 (Observed: 9/29/2022)
32184056 (Observed: 9/5/2019)
62080495 (Observed: 10/8/2020)
Images
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): inflorescence
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): close-up of leaf sheath
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): ligule
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): close-up of underside of leaf
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): inflorescence
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans): close-up of spikelets
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
Sphenopholis intermedia (Slender Wedgescale)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Slender Wedgescale
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2007; 2017
Tridens flavus (Purpletop Tridens)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Poaceae
Notes
Common Name: Purpletop Tridens
Growth Habit: Graminoid
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2018; 2020
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
61767647 (Observed: 10/1/2020)
Images
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus)
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus): close-up of leaf sheath
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus): inflorescence
Purpletop Tridens (Tridens flavus): close-up of spikelets
Smilax glauca (Cat Greenbrier)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Smilacaceae
Notes
Common Name: Cat Greenbrier
Growth Habit: Shrub, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2007; 2009; 2012; 2017-2018; 2020
iNaturalist Observations:
65954281 (Observed: 12/1/2020)
Images
Cat Greenbrier (Smilax glauca)
Cat Greenbrier (Smilax glauca)
Smilax herbacea (Smooth Carrionflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Smilacaceae
Notes
Common Name: Smooth Carrionflower
Growth Habit: Forb/herb, Vine
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016-2018; 2022
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds
Images
Smooth Carrionflower (Smilax herbacea)
Smooth Carrionflower (Smilax herbacea)
Smilax pulverulenta (Downy Carrionflower)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Smilacaceae
Notes
Common Name: Downy Carrionflower
Growth Habit: Vine, Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2017-2018
Smilax rotundifolia (Roundleaf Greenbrier)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Smilacaceae
Notes
Common Name: Roundleaf Greenbrier
Growth Habit: Vine, Shrub
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1965; 1971; 1984; 2004; 2007-2008; 2016-2018; 2022
iNaturalist Observations:
109240229 (Observed: 3/22/2022)
106571606 (Observed: 2/11/2022)
Images
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Roundleaf Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
Typha latifolia (Broadleaf Cattail)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Flowering Plants - Monocots
Family: Typhaceae
Notes
Common Name: Broadleaf Cattail
Growth Habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 2004; 2007; 2013; 2017-2023
Northeast Wetland Status: OBL
Dispersed By: Human Activities; Water; Wind
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
58657353 (Observed: 9/4/2020)
Images
Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)
Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)
Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)
Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Gymnosperms
Family: Cupressaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern Redcedar
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2017-2020
Dispersed By: Animals; Birds; Deer
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
Images
Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)
Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine)
Group: Plants
- Species is native to the Lower 48 States.
Type: Gymnosperms
Family: Pinaceae
Notes
Common Name: Eastern White Pine
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2002; 2004; 2007-2008; 2013; 2016-2023
Dispersed By: Wind
Allelopathic: Yes
Deer Resistant: Yes
iNaturalist Observations:
85456218 (Observed: 7/2/2021)
46768269 (Observed: 5/21/2020)
Images
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Taxus cuspidata (Japanese Yew)
Group: Plants
Type: Gymnosperms
Family: Taxaceae
Notes
Common Name: Japanese Yew
Growth Habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Origin: Not native to the conterminous United States
Years Noted: 1984; 2004; 2018; 2020-2021
Dispersed By: Birds
Allelopathic: Yes
Notes: In the Gordon, only known from seedlings.
iNaturalist Observations:
71481354 (Observed: 3/24/2020)
Images
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)
Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata)